"The Ming and Qing Dynasties" Political changes during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT courseware

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"The Ming and Qing Dynasties" Political changes during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT courseware

1. Social crisis in the late Ming Dynasty

1. Political corruption: In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, most emperors ignored government affairs and exercised power. Courtiers formed cliques for personal gain and fought for power and profit. Politics became increasingly corrupt.

2. Production destruction: _________ is becoming increasingly serious. Royal family members and bureaucratic landlords wantonly occupy fields. A large number of farmers have lost their land and become homeless, and social production has been greatly damaged.

3. Intensification of conflicts: In order to get rid of the financial crisis, the Ming court repeatedly added new tax items, and the total amount levied was even more than double the normal land tax, which greatly increased the burden on the people, and _________ was unprecedentedly intensified.

2. Peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty

In 1627, hungry people rioted in _____, marking the beginning of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty. After that, people from all over the country responded in large numbers, and an uprising in full swing soon formed.

In 1636, _______ was elected as the "King of Chuang". He put forward slogans such as "__________", which was supported by the majority of farmers. The rebel army developed rapidly and successively captured various parts of the Central Plains.

1644 Li Zicheng established the _____ regime in Xi'an; he invaded Beijing; Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide, and _____ was destroyed

As a result, Wu Sangui, who was stationed at Shanhaiguan, surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. In 1644, Qing troops entered the Shanhaiguan Pass in large numbers and defeated the peasant army.

3. The rise of Manchuria and the entry of Qing troops

1. The rise of Manchuria:

(1) Unification: Jianzhou Jurchen leader ________ established the Eight Banners system and the Manchu language to unify various Jurchen tribes.

(2) Founding of the People's Republic of China: In 1616, Nurhaci established a political power. The country was named Dajin and was known as "_____" in history.

(3) Development: _______ basically controlled the Northeast region. In 1636, he proclaimed himself emperor in Shengjing, changed the name of the country to Qing, and changed the name of the clan to _____.

2. Qing troops entering the customs:

(1) The Ming general _______ stationed at Shanhaiguan was surrendered to the Qing Dynasty.

(2) In 1644, they entered the customs on a large scale, occupied Beijing, and officially made Beijing their capital.

(3) Successively suppressed anti-Qing struggles in various places and established rule over _____.

【Micro Dial】

�It was the peasant army led by Li Zicheng that overthrew the Ming Dynasty, not the Qing army.

�Nurhaci unified the Jurchens and established the Later Jin Dynasty; Huang Taiji changed the name of the country to Qing and the name of the clan to Manchuria.

�The Yuan Dynasty established by the Mongols was the first unified feudal regime established by ethnic minorities in Chinese history; the Qing Dynasty was established by the Jurchens.

【Micro thinking】

What is the progressive significance of the slogan "equal land and no taxes"?

Tip: The slogan reflects the strong demand of the majority of farmers for land and the urgent desire to reduce or reduce taxes. It meets the requirements of the majority of poor farmers, and therefore is supported by the majority of farmers.

【Micro reading】

People compete to gather grass from the mountains and eat it... After October, if the grass is gone, they peel off the bark of the trees and eat it... At the end of the year, if the bark of the trees is gone, they dig up rocks in the mountains and eat it. ——"Preparation for Chen's Great Hunger"

[Interpretation] At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there was a severe drought in Shaanxi. The government and landlords continued to press for rent and taxes, causing widespread famine. The hungry people ate up all the grass roots and tree bark, and even ate dirt and stones to satisfy their hunger. High concentration of land, heavy taxes, exclusive power of eunuchs in the court, and corruption among officials are the fundamental reasons for this phenomenon.

In the long history, the Ming Dynasty was the most powerful country in the world at that time, with a prosperous economy and a prosperous culture. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, political corruption and sharp class conflicts occurred. The Ming Dynasty perished in the torrent of peasant uprisings. Let us wander in the long river of history and explore the reasons for the demise of the Ming Dynasty.

[Look at the causes of political corruption]

Material 1: List of emperors in the middle and late Ming Dynasty

Material 2: Land concentration in the late Ming Dynasty

(1) Based on materials 1 and 2, what information can you draw? Analyze the impact of this information.

Tip: Information: In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the emperor was obsessed with pleasure and neglected government affairs; land annexation was serious. Impact: political corruption, social unrest, and acute class conflicts.

[Explore extension points]

In feudal society, serious land annexation was the inevitable result of political corruption. The violent land annexation in the late Ming Dynasty deepened political corruption and social crisis.

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"Ming and Qing Dynasties" Political changes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT courseware 2 1. Social crisis in the late Ming Dynasty 1. Political corruption 2. Financial collapse 2. Peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty 1. Shaanxi starving people's uprising in 1627 revealed Prologue 2. Li Zicheng invaded Beijing in 1644..

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Update Time: 2024-10-19

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