"The Great Unification of the Yuan Dynasty" PPT courseware 2 during the Song and Yuan Dynasties

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"The Great Unification of the Yuan Dynasty" PPT courseware 2 during the Song and Yuan Dynasties

Scenario introduction

Hello students! I am very happy to enter today's history class with you. Please look at the picture on the big screen. What can you see? Guess which minority they are? In history, what kind of glorious history has this nation created? Today let us study Lesson 9 "The Rise of the Mongols and the Establishment of the Yuan Dynasty".

1. The rise and expansion of Mongolia

(1) The rise of Mongolia

In the 12th century, tribes in the Mongolian grasslands frequently fought wars with each other, causing great loss of life. Temujin completed the unification of the Mongolian grasslands in 1206 and established the Mongolian regime. He was elected as the Great Khan and was honored as Genghis Khan.

Genghis Khan

Temujin, born in 1162, was promoted as "Khan" in 1189. From then on, he began the cause of unifying Mongolia and Mobei. In 1206, the Mongol Khanate was established. In 1227, Xixia was destroyed. In July 1227, he died of illness in Salikawa.

(2) Mongolia’s expansion

1. Read the textbook and understand the process of Mongolia's unification of China.

Xixia-Jin-Southern Song Dynasty.

2. Organize the situation of Mongolia’s demise of Xixia and Jin according to the textbook.

(1) Mongolia destroyed Xixia: Genghis Khan led the Mongolian army to attack Xixia first. Under the attack of the Mongolian army, Xixia was destroyed in 1227.

(2) Mongolia destroyed the Jin Dynasty: ① Process: Mongolia formed an alliance with the Southern Song Dynasty, and attacked the Jin Dynasty from the north and the south. In 1234, Mongolia destroyed the Jin Dynasty. ②Influence: After the demise of the Jin Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty and Mongolia formed a direct confrontation situation.

2. Unification of the Yuan Dynasty

1. In 1271, Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty and made Dadu the capital the following year.

2. In 1279, the country was unified

Kublai Khan

Kublai Khan (1215-1294), Mongolian politician and military strategist. The fourth son of Jian Guo Tuo Lei was Meng Gedi of Yuan Xianzong. The last Khan of Mongolia was also the founding emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.

In 1251, his eldest brother Meng Ge succeeded to the throne of Great Khan, and Kublai Khan was named king. In 1260, when his eldest brother passed away, Kublai Khan ascended the throne and established the Central Government of the Yuan Dynasty. He began to follow the traditional Chinese dynasty year names. In 1271, the name of the country was changed to Yuan Dynasty, and the capital was moved to Dadu (today's Beijing) in 1272. Then he raised his troops and went south until the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed in 1279. In the first month of 1294, he died of illness in Dadu. His posthumous title was Shengde Shengong Civil and Military Emperor, and his temple name was Shizu.

Thinking: The unification of the Yuan Dynasty conformed to the flow of historical development, was the aspiration of the people, and the general trend. Wen Tianxiang organized the anti-Yuan struggle and persevered. Do you think he is worthy of admiration? Why? How to evaluate Wen Tianxiang?

Reason: He was unyielding and showed noble integrity in the struggle against Yuan Dynasty.

Evaluation: We have to see both sides of things. Wen Tianxiang's resistance to the Yuan Dynasty was against the national oppression of the Mongolian aristocrats. It was consistent with the aspirations of the people and was a just act. After the failure of the Anti-Yuan Dynasty, he showed an unyielding spirit and noble integrity, which should be respected and commemorated by future generations. Therefore, we affirm Wen Tianxiang's resistance to the Yuan Dynasty, but we do not deny the progressive nature of the Yuan's unification, but the two perspectives are different.

3. The influence of the Yuan Dynasty’s destruction of the Southern Song Dynasty and the unification of China.

It ended the situation of division and separatism since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and laid the foundation for the further development of a unified multi-ethnic country.

3. Local jurisdiction in the Yuan Dynasty

1. Discuss in groups the basic content and impact of the provincial system.

(1) Most of the capital and its surrounding areas are under the direct jurisdiction of Zhongshu Province; other parts of the country have separate Xingzhongshu Provinces and dispatched officials to administer them.

(2) Consolidated the unity of the country; had a great influence on the administrative divisions of later generations.

2. Basic situation of the Yuan Dynasty’s management of Tibet.

(1) How did the Yuan Dynasty govern Tibet?

Tibet, as a special local administrative region of the Yuan Dynasty, was administered by the Xuanzheng Yuan located in the central government.

(2) The historical significance of the Yuan Dynasty’s administration of Tibet.

Since then, Tibet has officially become an administrative region of China.

3. Based on the materials and textbook knowledge, describe the measures and impacts of the Yuan Dynasty’s administration of Taiwan.

(1) Measures: In the late Yuan Dynasty, the government established the Penghu Inspection Department to manage Penghu and Ryukyu (today's Taiwan).

(2) Impact: This is the first time in history that the central dynasty has formally established an administrative agency in Taiwan.

history and reality

Faced with the despicable actions of a small number of "Tibetan independence" and "Taiwan independence" elements today to split the motherland.

Please combine the relevant historical facts in this lesson and explain that Tibet and Taiwan have been an integral part of China's territory since ancient times.

Practice in class

1. Genghis Khan’s main achievements are ( )

A. Destroy Xixia B. Unify Mongolia

C. Establish the Yuan Dynasty D. Make Dadu the capital

2. The "Genghis Khan" mentioned by Mao Zedong in "Spring Snow in Qinyuan" refers to ( )

A. Temujin B. Kublai Khan C. Abaoji D. Aguda

3. The following regimes were destroyed by the Mongols: ( )

①Liao ②Xixia ③Northern Song ④Jin

A.①②③④ B.②③④ C.①②③ D.①②④

4. The hero who resisted the unification of the Yuan Dynasty was ( )

A. Yue Fei B. Guan Yu C. Wen Tianxiang D. Han Shizhong

5. According to the administrative divisions of the Yuan Dynasty, Tibet now belongs to ( )

A. Zhongshu Province B. Xingzhongshu Province C. Xuanzhengyuan D. Autonomous Region

6. Taiwan has been a territory of China since ancient times. During the Yuan Dynasty, Taiwan was called ( )

A.Japan B.Yizhou C.Ryukyu D.Taiwan

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

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