"The Great Crisis of the 1930s" opens up a new development path PPT

"The Great Crisis of the 1930s" opens up a new development path PPT

Part I: The short-term economic prosperity of capitalist countries

1. Main reasons:

①After the end of World War I, the world gained temporary peace and stability.

②The results of the second industrial revolution have been widely used in all areas of production and life, and the entire social landscape has undergone tremendous changes.

2.Performance:

After a brief post-war depression, the U.S. economy began to take off, and a decade-long economic boom emerged. The gross national product hit a record high, and industries such as electrical, steel, and construction experienced surges.

The Great Crisis of the 1930s PPT, Part 2: The Great Crisis of the 1930s

1. Reason:

① Relative overproduction: The great abundance of commodities does not mean that everyone can afford them. When production capacity is far greater than people's consumption capacity, "surplus" and backlog are created.

②Instalment payment: In the late 1920s, the American automobile industry and construction industry showed signs of stagnation. To encourage people to consume, the government strongly promotes installment payment. In 1926, about 70% of the cars on the U.S. market were purchased on installment plans.

③The stock market bubble is serious: The government strongly promotes advanced consumption methods such as loans to purchase stocks. Under the slogan "Everyone can become a rich man", more and more people are participating in speculative activities such as stocks. The number of stock listings has soared and the stock price has increased significantly.

Causes of the Great Economic Crisis

The direct cause: relative overproduction.

Fundamental reason: The basic contradiction of capitalist society: that is, the contradiction between socialized large-scale production and private ownership of the means of production.

In capitalist society, after experiencing two industrial revolutions, productivity has developed rapidly and social division of labor has become increasingly detailed. This requires that various production departments must work closely together and in unison to form socialized large-scale production. However, in a capitalist society, because the means of production are privately owned, a small number of monopoly capitalists own most of the means of production. In pursuit of profits, they continue to expand reproduction. This will inevitably break the balance, trigger vicious competition, and intensify conflicts between various departments of social production. conflicts, leading to economic crisis.

2. Outbreak:

In 1929, stock prices were bid up to a level far above production profits, and the stability of the financial market was seriously affected. On October 24, the stock market situation on Wall Street in the United States took a turn for the worse, with stock prices plummeting. There was a selling frenzy on the stock exchange and the stock market crashed. This day is known as "Black Thursday". In just a few days, stock prices plummeted continuously, the prosperity disappeared, and the economic crisis hit full force.

3. Features:

It affects a wide range, lasts for a long time, and is highly destructive.

4. Impact:

① The people have suffered deeply, and the entire capitalist world economy has suffered a heavy blow. More than 30 million workers have been unemployed, and the wages of employed workers have dropped significantly. The majority of working people are hungry, cold, displaced, and their lives have deteriorated.

② In order to get out of trouble, countries have raised tariffs one after another to protect their own products, which not only reduced the total volume of capitalist world trade by two-thirds, but also further worsened international relations.

③Serious economic crisis triggered social crisis and political crisis. The social conflicts in capitalist countries are acute and the political situation is turbulent. Governments are looking for ways to get out of the crisis.

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