"The French Revolution" Social changes in major European and American countries PPT courseware 8

Description

"The French Revolution" Social changes in major European and American countries PPT courseware 8

Textbook analysis

Chapter One: The Bastille Unveils

Chapter 2: The Declaration of Human Rights Reveals Democracy

Chapter 3: A generation of heroes show their style

Chapter One: The Bastille Unveils

Explore the reasons

In the cartoon, the peasants, the priests press on the front half of the body, and the nobles press on the back half of the body. The old farmer's clothes were in rags, his face was haggard, he was lonely and thin, and he could hardly walk. Struggling to hold the only production tool. The landlord's pigeons were pecking at his crops, and the rabbits were eating his vegetables, but he could not drive them away. In his trouser pocket was a notice urging him to pay the king's grain, while the priest's pocket was full of bills demanding the payment of various taxes for the church.

Cartoon analysis: What are the reasons for the outbreak of the French Revolution?

1. Feudal autocratic rule seriously hindered the development of capitalist economy; (fundamental reason)

2. Strict feudal hierarchy and intensified social conflicts;

3. The convening of the three-level meeting (direct cause)

Chapter 2: The Declaration of Human Rights Reveals Democracy

content

①All human beings are born free and equal in rights;

②Everyone is equal before the law;

③Private property is sacred and inviolable.

significance

① It is the programmatic document of the French Revolution, and its core content is human rights and the rule of law;

②It has the significance of negating feudal autocracy and feudal hierarchy.

Chapter 3: A generation of heroes show their style

16 years old - artillery second lieutenant

24 years old - Major General

26 years old - Lieutenant General

27 years old - Commander of the Legion

30 years old - First Consul

33 years old - in power for life

35 years old——Emperor

Why did the illustrious Napoleonic Empire collapse so quickly?

1. The later period was a war of aggression, which aroused resistance from the European people;

2. The long-term war has led to boiling domestic dissatisfaction;

3. The failure of the Russian expedition;

4. European feudal forces are far superior to bourgeois forces;

The following two students have a heated debate about the reasons for Napoleon's success and their attitude towards Napoleon. Whose opinion do you agree with? Why?

Napoleon is a hero. He succeeded entirely on his own ability. This should be affirmed.

Napoleon was a war maniac, and his success was entirely due to chance and had nothing to do with his personal ability.

What both men said made sense, but neither was precise enough. because:

1. Napoleon is a representative figure of the French bourgeoisie, an outstanding military strategist in French history, and a hero. During his rule in France, he consolidated the achievements of the French Revolution. The Civil Code he promulgated was the first code of law in a capitalist country and was followed by many European countries. The foreign wars launched by Napoleon, on the one hand, attacked European feudal forces and brought the results of the bourgeois revolution to all parts of Europe; on the other hand, they also harmed the interests of the people of the invaded countries and aroused resistance from the local people.

2. Both students overemphasized a certain aspect of Napoleon's success. In fact, there were many reasons for Napoleon's success, the most important of which were two reasons: on the one hand, his personal ability and his excellent military ability. , political talent; on the other hand, his success is also closely related to the specific historical environment of France at that time. It can be said that Napoleon's personal talent adapted to the needs of the times.

What is the historical significance of the French Revolution?

①Paves the way for the development of capitalism;

②A heavy blow to European feudal forces;

③ effectively promoted the bourgeois revolution in Europe and the national liberation movement in Latin America.

Classroom training

1. (2010·Dongguan Academic Examination) The revolution that occurred in France in 1789 is considered a real political revolution. The main reason was the French Revolution ( )

A. Execute King Louis XVI B. Promote equality before the law

C. Completely destroyed the French feudal system D. Spread the ideas of democracy and freedom

2. (2010·Qingdao Academic Examination) Some people believe that the "recall" incident of Japanese Toyota cars in March 2010 will become Toyota's "Waterloo". "Waterloo", as a synonym for failure, is related to which historical figure ( )

A. Cromwell B. saint martin

C. Robespierre D. Napoleon

3. (2010·Dongying Academic Examination) "Starting from the frozen wasteland of Russia, and finally passing through the disastrous defeat at Waterloo, he ended his short-lived glory on a small island in the Atlantic Ocean after being emperor for 11 years." "He" in the article refers to ( )

A. Cromwell B. Robespierre

C. Napoleon D. Washington

Material 1: Some people say he is a shrewd politician; some say he is a hero who changed the history of Europe; some say he is a war culprit and a tyrant; some say he established an imperial system, which is historical. Going backwards... Do these statements make sense? What do you think?

Material 2: Of course he has flaws, mistakes, and even sins, that is to say, he is a human being. But he is still majestic in his oversights, outstanding in his stains, and brilliant in his sins.

Material 3: "There is only one trick to dominate the world, and that is to be powerful. There is no mistake in being the most powerful." "There is only one step from greatness to absurdity, let future generations comment." ——Napoleon

By studying the content of this lesson, please use the perspective of historical materialism to evaluate Napoleon?

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Update Time: 2024-11-10

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