"The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Empire" Entering Modern Times PPT Courseware 5

"The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Empire" Entering Modern Times PPT Courseware 5

Self-study guidance

1 Use the small print and illustrations to understand the reasons for the French Revolution.

2. What events occurred during the great revolution that pushed the revolution to a climax step by step?

3What does the Declaration of Human Rights contain? What do you think of this document?

4How do you evaluate the policies adopted by Robespierre when he came to power?

5What was the impact of the French Revolution?

oppressed french peasants

In the cartoon, the peasants, the priests press on the front half of the body, and the nobles press on the back half of the body. The old farmer was in ragged clothes, with a haggard face, and was so thin that he could hardly walk. He was struggling to hold on to a broken pickaxe, the only production tool, which could barely support his stooped body. The landlord's pigeons were pecking at his crops, and the rabbits were eating his vegetables, but he could not drive them away. In his trouser pocket was a notice urging him to pay the king's grain, while the priest's pocket was filled with bills demanding the payment of various taxes for the church. Through strong contrast, this painting inspires people's hatred of feudal oppression and exploitation and deep sympathy for farmers.

Declaration of Human Rights

content:

1. Natural human rights

2. Everyone is equal before the law

3. Private property is sacred and inviolable

evaluate:

1. Promoted bourgeois ideas of freedom and equality, and denied the French feudal autocracy and hierarchy.

2. Protected the interests of the bourgeoisie.

Nature of the Declaration of Human Rights:

The bourgeois anti-feudal revolutionary program.

(1) In terms of rights, people are always born free and equal.

(2) Law is the expression of public will.

(3) Property rights are human rights that are sacred and inviolable.

Representative of the Jacobins—Robespierre

A famous political activist during the French Revolution and a major figure in power during the Jacobin dictatorship. He earned the title of "Incorruptible Man" with his strict attitude, high principle and simple life. In 1794, anti-Robespierre forces in the National Convention jointly launched a coup to overthrow the Jacobin dictatorship. Robespierre and 20 of his comrades were guillotined without trial. He was 36 years old.

The historical significance of the French Revolution:

1. Destroyed the feudal rule of France and established the capitalist system;

2. Spread the progressive ideas of bourgeois freedom and democracy;

3. It has a great influence on the development of world history.

Comment on Napoleon

(1) In 1799, Napoleon launched a coup, seized power, and began to rule France; in 1804, the First French Empire was established;

(2) He consolidated the rule of the bourgeoisie internally and promulgated the famous "Code" - "Code Napoleon".

(3) Defeated the European anti-French alliance many times externally and expanded France's territory. He consolidated the victorious achievements of the French Revolution, destroyed French feudal rule, and spread the progressive ideas of bourgeois freedom and democracy. Napoleon's foreign wars not only attacked European feudal forces, but also harmed the interests of the people of the invaded countries and provoked local people to resist.

2. Material issues

Material One: All human beings are born and always are free and equal in rights. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.

Material 2: All citizens have the right to participate in the formulation of laws, either personally or through representatives; everyone is equal before the law...

Material 3: Property is a sacred and inviolable right.

Please answer:

(1) Which important document from the French Revolution period is the above material taken from?

(2) What are the main points of the above materials?

(3) What is the progressive significance of this document?

【Classroom Training】

1. Multiple choice questions

1. The beginning of the French Revolution is marked by ( )

A. The convening of the Estates-General B. The execution of King Louis XVI

C. The Thermidor coup D. The storming of the Bastille

2. The document issued during the French Revolution that reflected the opposition to feudal autocracy and feudal hierarchy was ( )

A. "Bill of Rights" B. "Declaration of Human Rights"

C. "Declaration of Independence" D. "Code"

3. During the French Revolution, after which faction’s rule was overthrown, the climax of the French Revolution ended ( )

A. Big bourgeoisie B. Girondins

C. Jacobins D. New aristocracy

4. Comparative evaluation of historical figures is one of the ability requirements of the history discipline. As bourgeois politicians, Washington and Napoleon have the same historical role in ( )

A. Won national independence B. Maintained national unity

C. Attacked European feudal forces D. Promoted the process of bourgeois democratic politics

5. Napoleon is a famous figure in French history. His main activities include ( )

① Launched a coup in 1799 ② Established the First French Empire in 1804

③Promulgate the "Code" ④Defeat the anti-French alliance many times

A, ①②③④ B, ②③④ C, ①③④ D, ①②③

The British Bourgeois Revolution and the French Revolution were two important historical events in the 17th and 18th centuries. What are their similarities and differences?

Same point:

①The reason is the same.

The bourgeoisie of both countries want to seize political power and clear obstacles in the way of capitalist development;

②The leadership class is the same. All are led by the bourgeoisie;

③The revolutionary motivation is the same. The masses of the people played a driving role in the revolutions of both countries;

④The impact is the same. All promoted the development of capitalism and had a great influence on revolutions in other countries.

difference:

①The leadership class is not exactly the same: In addition to the leadership of the bourgeoisie, Britain also has a new aristocracy.

②Different characteristics: The British bourgeois revolution went through a tortuous process and established a constitutional monarchy in which the bourgeoisie and the new aristocracy co-governed;

The French Revolution became the largest, most thorough, and most typical bourgeois revolution in the era of bourgeois revolution.

③Different meanings: Britain unveiled the prelude to the bourgeois revolution in Europe and the United States and ushered in an era of bourgeois revolution;

France swept away the feudal forces in the country and shook the foundation of the feudal system in other European countries.

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