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"The Floating and Sinking Conditions and Applications of Objects" Buoyancy PPT Courseware 6
Knowledge review:
1. Causes of buoyancy:
Buoyancy is the force exerted by liquid on the upper and lower surfaces of an object.
2. The content of Archimedes' principle: An object immersed in a liquid (or gas) is subject to a buoyant force of ____, and the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to ____________.
3. Calculation method of buoyancy:
①Weighing method:__________
②Drainage method: ____________
③Pressure difference method: ______________
④Balancing method: ________
New lesson preview
1. What does it mean for an object to float, sink, float, or levitate?
2. The rising, sinking, floating and suspending of an object are related to what force is exerted on the object?
3. What are the conditions for objects to rise, sink, float, and suspend?
1. Floating and sinking conditions of objects
An object immersed in a liquid experiences __ force and __ force.
When the buoyancy force is greater than gravity, the object ____,
When the buoyancy force is less than gravity, the object ____;
When the buoyant force on an object immersed in a liquid is equal to gravity, the object is in a ____ state.
When an object rests on the liquid surface, it is called floating; when floating, the buoyancy force ____ gravity.
do you know?
When ρ liquid < ρ object, there must be F floating < G object, and the object sinks in the liquid.
When ρ liquid = ρ object, there must be F floating = G object, and the object can be suspended in the liquid.
When ρ liquid > ρ object, there must be F floating > G object, and the object floats in the liquid. Final suspension.
Application of buoyancy
1. Ship
(1) Working principle: Ships work by using the principle of objects ____ on the water surface.
(2) Use steel that is denser than water to make it ____ so that it can displace more water and increase the available ____.
(3) The ship is floating in both the river and the sea, so the buoyancy force it experiences is ____. According to Archimedes' principle, its immersed volume in sea water is ___ compared to that in river water.
2. Density meter
Purpose: An instrument that can directly measure the density of liquids.
Working principle: It is made by using the principle that buoyancy is equal to gravity when an object floats on the liquid surface.
Reading method: the scale facing the liquid level at rest multiplied by the density of water
Scale characteristics: small at the top and large at the bottom, uneven intervals between scales.
I learn and I use
1. Density meter is an instrument for measuring the density of liquid. It is made based on the principle that when an object floats on the liquid surface, it floats (fill in =, <, >).
2. When using a density meter, it must be set to ____ in order to correctly measure the density of the liquid.
3. The buoyancy force experienced by the density meter in various liquids is ____ (same, different). In liquids with density ___ (large or small), the volume exposed to the liquid surface is larger, so the scale of the density meter is Up___down___(big, small).
Summary of the working principle of submarines:
1. Working principle: The submarine's ascent, descent and suspension are achieved by changing __________.
2. The change in the submarine's dead weight depends on the amount of _________.
Fill in the blanks
1. For an object immersed in a liquid, when F float > G object, the object will ____; when F float < G object, the object will ____; when F float = G object, the object will __________.
2. Ships work based on the principle of object ____. It is made of steel that is denser than water so that it can displace more water and increase the available ____.
Submarines float and sink by changing ________.
Balloons rise and fall by changing the ________.
Density meters measure the density of liquids using the principle that buoyancy is equal to gravity when an object is on the liquid surface.
Multiple choice questions
1. Regarding the buoyant force on an object immersed in a liquid, which of the following statements is incorrect ( )
A. The direction of buoyancy is vertically upward;
B． The object exerting buoyancy must be water;
C. The magnitude of the buoyant force is proportional to the mass of liquid displaced;
D． A solid iron ball can also float on the liquid surface.
2. A solid object with uniform density is suspended in water. If the object is cut into two pieces of different sizes and still placed in the water, then ( )
A. Large pieces sink and small pieces float.
B. Large pieces sink and small pieces float.
C. Both pieces float
D. Both pieces are suspended
3. Three small balls A, B, and C with the same volume are put into the water. Three situations will appear as shown in the figure. Which of the following statements about the buoyancy force on the three small balls is correct ( )
A. Ball A floats on the water and experiences the greatest buoyancy.
Balls B and C sink to the bottom and experience zero buoyancy.
C. The buoyant force on ball A is equal to the buoyant force on ball B.
D. The buoyant force on ball B is equal to the buoyant force on ball C.
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