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"The First Industrial Revolution" PPT courseware download
The first part: Create situations and introduce new lessons:
Ask the question: What machine is this? Who is the inventor? What period is it from?
The picture shows the earliest train locomotive in the world. Its inventor is Stephenson of England.
The meaning of industrial revolution:
The Industrial Revolution, also called the Industrial Revolution, was a leap from factory handicrafts to large-scale machine production during the capitalist period.
It mainly replaces human power with machines. It is not only a major change in the field of production, but also a revolution in social relations. It is an important stage in the history of capitalist development.
The First Industrial Revolution PPT, Part 2: Exploration
Study 1: Innovation in textile technology
(1) Reasons for the rise of the industrial revolution
1. Political premise: the establishment of bourgeois rule in Britain.
At the end of the 17th century, Britain established a constitutional monarchy and a bourgeois government, and the political situation was stable.
2. Direct reason: The handicraft industry cannot meet the needs of the market.
The market is always expanding and demand is always increasing. Manufacture industry can no longer meet this demand. So steam and machines caused a revolution in industry. ——Marx and Engels, "The Communist Manifesto"
Britain became the largest colonial country in the world. The demand for cotton textiles at home and abroad increased rapidly. The factory handicraft industry could not meet the market demand and had to make technological breakthroughs.
3. Necessary conditions:
Strong capital, colonial plunder
Sufficient labor force enclosure movement
Abundant raw materials Home + Colonies
Broad Market Overseas Colonies
(2) The process of the industrial revolution
1. Start time: 1860s
2. The earliest country: Britain
3. The earliest sector: cotton textile industry
The original reason for the invention and use of machines in the Industrial Revolution was the invention of a small part in an old loom.
In 1733, Kay invented the "flying shuttle", which greatly improved the efficiency of weaving. As a result, the spinning wheel lagged behind, and the supply of cotton yarn exceeded demand, causing a "cotton yarn shortage" in the UK.
4. The beginning sign
The invention and use of the Jenny machine
8 yarns can be spun at one time, which greatly improves production efficiency. The invention of the Jenny machine triggered a series of inventions in the production field, and more and more advanced textile machines appeared. The invention of the Jenny machine represented the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
Exploration 2. The establishment of the steam engine and factory system
1. The invention and application of the steam engine
In 1712, blacksmith Newcomen built the first successfully operating steam engine. The steam engine invented in the early days was only used for pumping water in mines. It was very imperfect, consumed a lot of fuel, and had low efficiency.
In the mid-18th century, Watt made a series of improvements to the steam engine. In 1785, Watt's improved steam engine was first put into use in the textile sector. Later, many production sectors such as chemical industry, metallurgy, and mining began to use steam engines. By the 1830s, steam engines had become an important source of power.
The First Industrial Revolution PPT, Part 3: Use your brain?
What is the role of the widespread use of steam engines?
The widespread application of steam engines was a significant leap in the field of production. It greatly improved productivity, enabled the industrial revolution to develop faster and in depth, and ushered in the "steam age".
Solve factory dependence on hydropower
In the 19th century, traditional manual workshops were gradually replaced by large factories, and the modern factory system was finally established.
2. Establishment of factory system
(1) In the 1830s, steam engines became the main source of power. From now on, factories could be located in many locations away from rivers. Factories have also become larger, with some even employing more than 1,000 people.
(2) In the 19th century, traditional manual workshops were gradually replaced by large factories, and the modern factory system was finally established.
What are the differences between production in large factories and manual workshops?
Production scale:
Manual workshops are small in scale, while factories with large machines are large in scale.
Production technology:
Manual workshops are limited to manual technology, while large machine factories have mature technology.
production method:
Manual workshops have little division of labor, while large machine factories use standardized assembly line operations and have detailed division of labor.
Management System:
Handicraft workshops produce on a family basis and have a relatively free management system, which is greatly affected by the farming season. A large machine factory is just the opposite. The factory has centralized production sites, production discipline and strict management systems.
The First Industrial Revolution PPT, Part 4: Related Links
Related links: The impact of the Industrial Revolution on Chinese society:
After the Industrial Revolution, Western powers stepped up their aggression against China, causing China to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
It destroyed China's self-sufficient feudal economy and brought serious disasters to people. China was included in the capitalist world market.
Objectively, it spread Western advanced production technology and production methods and promoted the emergence and development of Chinese national capitalism.
A new trend of thinking about learning from the West has emerged in China.
Inspiration from the Industrial Revolution:
1. Science and technology is the primary productive force. To make the country prosperous and strong, we must vigorously develop science and technology. We must adhere to the strategy of "rejuvenating the country through science and technology". We must learn from scientists’ spirit of courage to innovate and explore scientific mysteries.
2. While developing the economy, we must strengthen environmental protection and follow the path of "sustainable development." We must not seek temporary economic development at the expense of the environment.
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"The First Industrial Revolution" PPT teaching courseware:
"The First Industrial Revolution" PPT teaching courseware Part 1: Introduction of new lessons Engels said: When the revolutionary storm swept across France, Britain was undergoing a relatively quiet change but its power was not weakened. What does this change mean? Industrial Revolution ..
"The First Industrial Revolution" PPT download:
"The First Industrial Revolution" PPT Download Part One: New Lesson Introduction Engels said: When the revolutionary storm swept across France, Britain was undergoing a relatively quiet change that did not weaken in power. What does this change mean? Industrial Revolution ... ..
"The First Industrial Revolution" PPT courseware:
"The First Industrial Revolution" PPT courseware Part 1: Innovation of textile technology 1. Jenny machine The reasons for the innovation of textile technology: the establishment of the British capitalist system, rapid economic development; and the continuous expansion of domestic and foreign markets. In 1733, Kaye invented the flying shuttle,...