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"The Destruction of the Qin Dynasty" Unified Dynasty of Qin and Han Dynasties PPT Courseware 2
1. Qin’s tyranny
After the unification of Qin, the old aristocrats of the six countries who were dissatisfied with their country's subjugation still had greater power. In order to eliminate all potential threats, the rulers adopted strict control measures.
Qin Shihuang adopted Li Si's suggestion and ordered that only books on Qin history, medical skills, divination, and planting were allowed to be collected, and all other books were burned; anyone who dared to discuss Confucian classics would be executed, and anyone who quoted history to criticize real politics would be exterminated. In 212 BC, some alchemists and Confucian scholars criticized the government and were investigated. More than 460 people were buried alive. "Burning books and entrapping Confucians"
military
1. Meng Tian counterattacked the Huns, captured the Hetao area, and built the Great Wall
2. Unify the Southeast and Lingnan regions and build the Lingqu Canal to connect the Yangtze River water system and the Pearl River water system.
2. "Punish the Qin Dynasty"
collaborative inquiry
(1) Why did Chen Sheng and Wu Guang launch an uprising?
(2) What was the time, place, and political power established during the uprising?
(3) How to evaluate the uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang?
The Chen Sheng and Wu Guang Uprising was the first large-scale peasant war in the history of our country. It dealt a heavy blow to the brutal rule of the Qin Dynasty and had a profound impact on the history of later generations.
background knowledge:
The Dazexiang Uprising, also known as the "Chen Sheng and Wu Guang Uprising", was part of the peasant war in the late Qin Dynasty. It dealt a heavy blow to the Qin Dynasty and opened the prelude to the peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty. It was the first large-scale civilian uprising in Chinese history.
In the autumn of the first year of Qin II (209 BC), the Qin court recruited poor people from Luzuo to garrison Yuyang. More than 900 garrison soldiers, including Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, were recruited to Yuyang to garrison the border. On the way, they were stopped by heavy rain in Daze Township, Qixian County (now Suzhou). Due to the obstacles, they could not reach their destination as scheduled. In desperation, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang led the garrison soldiers to kill the officers escorting the garrison soldiers and launched a mutiny. The rebel army elected Chen Sheng as general and Wu Guang as captain. He conquered Daze Township and Qixian County, and established the Zhang Chu regime in Chen County (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), and various places responded.
The Dazexiang Uprising failed because of Chen Sheng's pride after gaining power and because Qin general Zhang Han led the Qin army to suppress it.
3. The Chu-Han War
Xiang Yu was stronger at first, but Liu Bang showed weakness and gave in at every turn, accumulating strength and gradually turning the situation around.
When Liu Bang entered Guanzhong, in order to win the support of the people, he made a three-chapter agreement with his elders: "Those who kill will die, and those who hurt others and steal will not be punished." Xiang Yu was headstrong and self-willed. After entering Xianyang, he allowed his army to burn, kill and loot.
In 203 BC, Xiang Yu had no choice but to negotiate peace with Liu Bang, and agreed to use the chasm as the boundary, with the east returning to Chu and the west returning to Han.
Referring to a deer as a horse: Zhao Gao tried to usurp the throne. In order to test which ministers in the court would obey his wishes, he specially presented a deer to Qin II and said it was a horse. Qin II didn't believe it, so Zhao Gao asked the ministers for excuses. The ministers who did not dare to oppose Zhao Gao said it was a horse, while those who dared to oppose Zhao Gao said it was a deer. Later, all the ministers who said it was a deer were killed by Zhao Gao in various ways.
Burning cauldron: In 209 BC, a peasant uprising led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang broke out in Chinese history. After Chen Sheng and Wu Guang died, the two armies led by Liu Bang and Xiang Yu gradually grew stronger. In 207 BC, Xiang Yu's rebel army fought a battle with the main force of the Qin army led by Qin general Zhang Han in Julu (today's Xingtai City, Hebei); Xiang Yu was not afraid of the powerful enemy and led his troops across the Zhang River (which flows from the northeast to the southeast of Julu) of a river). After crossing the river, Xiang Yu ordered the entire army: "Sink all the ships, break the cauldrons, burn the houses, and hold three days of food to show that the soldiers will die and none of them will return the favor." In the battle of Julu, the Qin army was defeated, and Xiang's soldiers shocked the princes.
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