"The Debate on Cao GUI" PPT high-quality courseware

"The Debate on Cao GUI" PPT high-quality courseware

Part One: Teaching Objectives:

1. Strengthen recitation, clarify the meaning of the text, and accumulate classical Chinese vocabulary and special sentence patterns in classical Chinese.

2. Understand the content of the text, find out the limits of the text, and understand the gist of the full text.

3. Fully realize that the outcome of the war depends on the support of the people, and appreciate Cao GUI’s patriotism.

Cao GUI’s Debate PPT, Part 2: Background Introduction

Enter "Zuo Zhuan"

The full name of "Zuo Zhuan" is "Zuo Shi Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period". It is my country's first chronological history book with a detailed narrative, with a total of thirty-five volumes. The old biography was written by Zuo Qiuming during the Spring and Autumn Period, and modern people believe that it was compiled by someone during the Warring States Period.

It mainly records important political, economic, military, diplomatic and cultural events and figures in various countries during the 254 years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. It is a valuable document for studying the history of China's Pre-Qin Dynasty and an excellent prose work. Therefore, this book also has extremely high artistic value in the Chinese literary circle and has made a huge contribution to history.

Battle of the Ladles

The Battle of Qilu Changshao is also one of the famous battles in the history of our country in which the weak defeated the strong.

This war took place in the early Spring and Autumn Period. The two warring parties were the powerful Qi State and the weak Lu State. The battle took place at Changshao in the state of Lu, so it was called the "Battle of Changshao" in history.

Duke Xiang of the State of Qi was immoral and civil strife broke out during his reign. Duke Xiang had many brothers. Prince Jiu's mother was from the State of Lu, so he fled to the State of Lu, while Prince Xiaobai fled to the State of Ju. In the autumn of the 8th year of Duke Zhuang of Lu (686 BC), the people of Qi killed Duke Xiang and made their son Wuzhi their king. In the 9th year of Duke Zhuang of Lu (685 BC), Wuzhi was killed again. So, Gongzi Jiu and Gongzi Xiaobai competed to return home.

Young Master Xiaobai arrived first and became the king. He was the famous Duke Huan of Qi, one of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period. Qi wanted to kill Prince Jiu and defeated the Lu army, threatening Lu again and asking Lu to kill Prince Jiu. After Prince Jiu was killed, the Qi army fought with the Lu army in Changshao. At that time, Qi was strong and Lu was weak, but in the end the Lu army won, which became a famous example of the weak defeating the strong in the history of our country.

Historical prose is also called historical biography, which has three types: country, chronology, and biography.

[National style] Complete the narrative of a certain historical process by arranging and recording the historical events of each country individually and independently.

National style history books include "Guoyu" and "Warring States Policy". "Guoyu" mainly records words and also records events; "Warring States Policy" mainly records events.

[Chronological style] Use time as the longitude and events as the latitude to narrate historical facts. Its advantages are clear clues, clear background, and good systematicity; its disadvantage is that it is inconvenient to describe characters intensively and extensively. "Spring and Autumn", "Zuo Zhuan" and "Zizhi Tongjian" are all chronological history books.

[Biography style] Narrating history with characters as the center was originally created by Sima Qian. The "Twenty-Four Histories" compiled by the ancient officials were all written in biographical style. This style had a great influence on later literary research.

PPT on Cao GUI’s debate, the third part: text, reading aloud

In the spring of ten years, the army will attack me. The general is fighting, and Cao GUI invites him to see him. His countrymen said: "Meat-eaters plan for it, so what's the point?" GUI said: "Meat-eaters are despicable and cannot plan far." So he came to see him. Asked: "Why fight?" The Duke said: "The food and clothing are safe. If you don't dare to focus on it, you must divide the people." He said to him: "If the small benefits are not universal, the people will not obey."

The duke said: "If you sacrifice jade and silk, you don't dare to add it. You must have faith." He said to him: "If your faith is not perfect, the gods will be blessed." The duke said: "The prison of a small and big one, although it cannot be observed, must be based on emotion." He said: "I am a loyal person. You can fight. If you fight, please obey."

The Duke rides on it and fights with the ladle. The general will encourage him. GUI said: "It's not possible." Qi people drummed three times. GUI said: "That's all right." The Qi army was defeated. The general will gallop to him. GUI said: "It's not possible." Looking down at the path, he climbed up to Shi and looked at it, saying: "It's possible." Then he chased Qi Shi.

After defeating him, the public asked why. He said: "Fighting requires courage. One burst of energy will be exhausted again, and three times it will be exhausted. I will be exhausted when I am full, so I can overcome it. It is difficult to predict a big country, and I am afraid of its dangers. I regard its path as chaotic, and hope that its flag will be swept away." , so drive him away."

Cao GUI’s Debate PPT, Part 4: Seminar Text

Translation: In the spring of the tenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, the army of Qi attacked our country of Lu. Duke Zhuang of Lu is about to fight. Cao GUI asked to see Duke Zhuang of Lu. His fellow countrymen said: "People in high positions and well-paid positions will naturally plan this matter, so why should you participate?" Cao GUI said: "People in high-ranking positions and well-paid jobs are short-sighted and cannot make far-sighted plans." So he went to the court. See Duke Zhuang of Lu. Cao GUI asked: "What do you rely on to fight?"

Duke Zhuang of Lu said: "I never dare to enjoy health-preserving things such as food and clothing alone. I must give them to others." Cao GUI replied: "Such small favors cannot be spread to the people, and the people will not obey you." Lu Zhuang The Duke said: "I never dare to falsely report the number of pigs, cattle, sheep, jades, silk fabrics and other sacrifices used for sacrifices. I must tell the truth to God." Cao GUI said: "Small promises cannot convince the gods. The gods are not convinced." Will bless you.”

Duke Zhuang of Lu said: "Even if I cannot clearly investigate all the lawsuits, large and small, I will make a reasonable ruling based on the facts." Cao GUI replied: "(This is) a matter of fulfilling one's duties. With this condition Fight. (If) fight, please allow (me) to follow."

Part One (Paragraph 1): Write about the political preparations of Lu State before the war.

The first level briefly explains the time and reason of the incident and Duke Zhuang of Lu's plan to go to war.

The second layer writes about the villagers trying to dissuade Cao GUI, and Cao GUI explains.

The third level uses three questions and three answers to clarify the prerequisite for combat, which is to win the trust of the people.

Part Two (Paragraph 2): Describes the entire process of the Battle of the Ladle.

The first level explains the location and participants. (Join the war)

The second level describes the different views of Cao GUI and Duke Zhuang of Lu, as well as the situation of Cao GUI's victory in one fell swoop. (Counterattack)

The third layer describes Cao GUI's command of the Lu army to win the battle. (Pursuit)

Part Three (Paragraph 3): Write about Cao GUI’s reasons for winning the war.

Cao GUI explained to Duke Zhuang of Lu. He first said that the courage of soldiers played an extremely important role in battle, and then used the two words "wei Ke" and the two words "ke ye" in the second paragraph, divided into two levels. Discuss the principles of "not possible" and "possible".

Cao GUI’s Debate PPT, Part 5: Collaborative Exploration

"far-reaching plan"

Politically: share the country's worries, have far-sightedness and foresight.

Military: be alert and prudent, good at seizing opportunities; know "morale is exhausted", have the ability to make decisive decisions; know "the reality of the battlefield", have the wisdom of being pragmatic and truth-seeking.

What benefit does the detailed arrangement of the article have in highlighting Cao GUI's image?

In the preparation stage before the war, Duke Zhuang of Lu's three answers used small favors to win the support of his ministers and small letters to win the protection of the gods, indicating that his hope of victory rested on his ministers and gods, rather than on the people.

Both of these points were denied by Cao GUI. Inspired by Cao GUI, Duke Zhuang of Lu finally realized the importance of the people, and the support of the people was the main factor that determined the outcome of the war. This highlights Cao GUI's political vision of attaching great importance to the power of the people.

Image of Duke Zhuang of Lu

["Despicable", specifically manifested in]

(1) Place the war on ministers and gods.

(2) Use troops rashly and act rashly, eager for quick success.

(3) Win without knowing victory.

Disadvantages: political incompetence, military ignorance, short-sightedness, and recklessness.

Advantages: Able to ask for advice humbly, trust Cao GUI, let him participate in command, recognize talents, and appoint people on their merits.

Duke Zhuang of Lu pinned his hopes for war on "small favors" and praying for God's blessing, which shows his political incompetence; his eagerness to seek war and attack shows his military ignorance.

But Duke Zhuang of Lu was not a foolish king. When Duke Zhuang of Lu was preparing for the war, he met with Cao GUI. He asked three questions and answered three times, seeking truth from facts and listening to his opinions with an open mind. He used Cao GUI in battle and personally participated in the battle, which showed that he was courteous to virtuous subordinates and appointed people on their merits. After the war, he asked Cao GUI and did not feel happy because of his victory, showing that he was seeking for the best. True knowledge without being ashamed to ask.

Cao GUI’s Debate PPT, Part Six: Exploring the Main Purpose

What was the reason why Lu was able to defeat the strong with the weak?

Political clarity and the will of the people (gaining the trust of the people politically);

The top and bottom are united, and the monarch and the people are of one mind (unity with Cao GUI, knowing people and making good use of them);

Master the strategy and wait for the hard work (do not blindly fight against the strong);

Seize the fighting opportunity and strike later (I will win with one move).

Cao GUI’s Debate PPT, Part Seven: Test Summary

The incorrect understanding of the content of the text is ()

A. Before meeting Cao GUI, Duke Zhuang of Lu was fully prepared to fight Qi.

B. Cao GUI took the initiative to participate in the war and made important contributions to the victory of the war.

C. The reason why Lu State won was that it gained the trust of the people politically and used correct strategies and tactics militarily.

D. Duke Zhuang of Lu listened to Cao GUI's advice and directed the battle with him.

How many stages can the debate between Cao GUI and Duke Zhuang of Lu be divided into?

【three phases】

Wartime ("Fighting with a Spoon")

Before the war ("Please see Cao GUI")

After the war ("Ji Ke")

What events were highlighted during the war? What is its expression method?

I wrote two things:

Grasp the timing of attack and the timing of pursuit;

Expressed through contrasting techniques.

What was the debate surrounding after the war? What does it do?

Focusing on the reasons for the victory, it is an explanation of the war command in the second paragraph, a revelation of the inevitability of victory, and an indication of Cao GUI's military "long-range plan."

Keywords: Free download of the PPT courseware for the second volume of the ninth-grade Chinese language published by the People's Education Press, download of the Cao GUI debate PPT, in .PPT format;

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