"The Culture of Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Yuan" The coexistence of multi-ethnic regimes in Liao, Song, Xia and Jin and the unification of the Yuan Dynasty PPT

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"The Culture of Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Yuan" The coexistence of multi-ethnic regimes in Liao, Song, Xia and Jin and the unification of the Yuan Dynasty PPT

Part One Content: Course Objectives:

1. Understand the meaning of science

2. Understand the literary and artistic achievements of the Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Yuan dynasties

Cultural PPT of Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Part 2: The Revival of Confucianism

1. Background of Confucian revival

(1) From the Three Kingdoms to the Five Dynasties, Confucianism, which focused on interpreting the words and sentences of scriptures, became increasingly rigid, and its social influence was impacted by Buddhism and Taoism.

(2) Starting from the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, a group of scholars launched a Confucian revival movement, emphasizing that academics serve reality. We hope to give full play to the role of Confucianism in strengthening social ethics and moral order and establishing basic values.

(3) The influence of Neo-Confucianism (Taoism) gradually increases

Representative figures: Er Cheng, Zhu Xi

The concept of "Neo-Confucianism":

Neo-Confucianism is a kind of New Confucianism that not only understands the nature of the universe and the destiny of life, but also inherits the orthodox teachings of Confucius and Mencius, and can govern the country. It is the product of the integration of three religions.

It is a philosophical thought system with "reason" or "natural principle" as its core.

The main schools are Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism and Lu-Wang Xinxue. Marks the maturity of Confucianism.

Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi: determined the highest category of Neo-Confucianism, "Tianli"; the core of Tianli is "benevolence", and the highest state of cultivation is "benevolence".

The Maturity of Neo-Confucianism—Zhu Xi’s Teachings

1. Status: He established a large and rigorous system of Neo-Confucianism and was the master of Neo-Confucianism. His status in Confucianism is second only to Confucius and Mencius.

2. Thoughts and viewpoints:

(1) Universe view

(2) Epistemology

(3) Outlook on life

Objective idealism: It believes that there is an independent objective spirit (God, ideas, principles, absolute spirit, absolute concepts, etc.) before the creation of the material world and human beings. In the process of its development, this objective spirit gave birth to the material world. It is the origin of the material world

Cultural PPT of Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the third part: literature and art

1. Song lyrics

Characteristics: A new poetry genre developed from popular folk lyrics of long and short sentences. It had emerged among the people in the Tang Dynasty and was glorious in the Song Dynasty.

Two schools of Song poetry:

① Euphemistic School: The representative poets are Liu Yong of the Northern Song Dynasty and Li Qingzhao of the two Song Dynasties. Their style is euphemistic and implicit, delicate and touching, and the content is mainly about chanting personal life experiences and describing scenes and emotions.

② Bold and Bold School: The poets are represented by Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty and Xin Qiji of the Southern Song Dynasty. Their style is bold, infuriating, and majestic. The content mainly focuses on recording events and reasoning, and expresses inner feelings.

What characteristics of the times do Song Ci embody?

1. Economically: business development and city prosperity.

2. In terms of class: The citizen class is expanding and the spiritual needs are greater.

3. Politically: Class and ethnic conflicts were acute during the Song Dynasty.

2. Yuan Opera: including Sanqu and Zaju.

Sanqu is a poetry genre of long and short sentences with music that is more flexible and popular than lyrics, and is more suitable for the needs of market singing.

Features:

① Compared with words, Sanqu is relatively free in syllables and rhymes, and the sentence lengths are more variable. Lining words can be added, and dialects and new words of the time are mostly used, which increases the flexibility and popularity of the language.

②The subject matter is broad, the language is humorous, popular, bright and pungent, the form is lively, the description is vivid, and the techniques are diverse.

It is formed by stringing together a set of Sanqu songs, supplemented by music, dance, performance, and dialogue, and arranging different roles to express a complete storyline.

Yuan Zaju marks the maturity of ancient Chinese opera art, with representative writers such as Han Qing and Wang Shifu. The drama.

The Four Tragedies of Yuan Dynasty Opera

"The Injustice of Dou E" by Guan Hanqing,

"Autumn in the Han Palace" by Ma Zhiyuan,

Bai Pu's "Wu Tong Rain"

"The Orphan of Zhao" by Ji Junxiang.

Reasons for prosperity:

1. The economic development of the Yuan Dynasty prepared sufficient material conditions for the prosperity of Zaju.

2. The rise of cities and the prosperity of goulanwashi provided an environment for the development of Zaju.

3. The expansion of the territory of the Yuan Dynasty and the development of transportation brought closer ties between various ethnic groups at home and abroad, and strengthened cultural exchanges between ethnic groups.

4. National conflicts and class conflicts were acute in the Yuan Dynasty. The people had long-standing grievances and had difficulty speaking out, so they demanded to be reflected in art.

5. After the abolition of the imperial examination system, many literati combined with folk art and engaged in the creation of dramas.

The difference between poetry, lyrics and music:

Poetry mainly refers to quatrains and rhymed poems, which pay attention to strict rhythm, neat sentence patterns, neat antitheses, and standardized rhyme use.

The lyrics and sentences vary in length, making it easy to express feelings and sing.

The music can be elegant or vulgar, more lively and lively.

3.Technology

1. Three great inventions

(1) The three major inventions of printing, gunpowder and the compass were basically mature in the Song Dynasty.

(2) Block printing has become quite popular, and craftsmen in the Northern Song Dynasty invented movable type printing.

(3) Gunpowder is manufactured in large quantities and used in the military, and it gradually develops from incendiary firearms to explosive firearms.

(4) Utilizing the characteristics of magnets to indicate north and south, a compass was created using artificial magnetization and was widely used in navigation. The three major inventions have made important contributions to the progress of human civilization.

spread

Around the 8th and 9th centuries, saltpeter, the main raw material of Chinese gunpowder, was introduced to Arabia, Persia and other places. After the 12th century, saltpeter was mentioned in books from Arab and other countries. The Arabs call it "Chinese Snow" and the Persians call it "Chinese Salt". Europeans learned about gunpowder from the Arabs in the 13th century, and they learned to make gunpowder only after the mid-14th century.

In the 12th and 13th centuries, gunpowder was first introduced to Arab countries, and then spread to Europe and even around the world.

The impact of the invention of gunpowder

The introduction of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons into Europe "had a transformative effect not only on the methods of warfare themselves, but also on the political relations of domination and servitude."

"The stone walls of the noble castles that had been impenetrable before could not withstand the citizens' cannons, and the citizens' bullets penetrated the knights' armor. The rule of the nobles perished with the armored noble cavalry. With the development of capitalism, new Elite artillery was manufactured in European factories, equipped with powerful fleets, and set sail to conquer new colonies."

1. Ended the cold weapon age and brought mankind into the hot weapon age.

2. The knight class in Europe is declining day by day, and the feudal system is disintegrating.

3. Gunpowder became a powerful weapon for the Western European bourgeoisie to develop colonies.

4. Enrich people’s economic life

What impact did the four great inventions of ancient my country have on the world?

Papermaking and printing promoted the development of European culture and promoted the Renaissance and the Reformation;

The application and development of gunpowder in Europe pushed the world from the era of cold weapons to the era of hot weapons, and promoted the progress of the bourgeois revolution;

The use of the compass created conditions for the opening of new sea routes and overseas colonial conquests for Western Europeans, and promoted the formation of the world market and the development of the capitalist economy;

In short, the four great inventions made significant contributions to the progress of European economy, politics, culture and even world civilization, and promoted the transformation of Europe from feudal society to capitalist society.

Keywords: free download of PPT courseware for the first volume of the unified version of the Outline of Chinese and Foreign History, PPT download of the culture of Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, PPT download of the coexistence of the multi-ethnic regimes of Liao, Song, Xia and Jin and the unification of the Yuan Dynasty, .PPT format;

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"The Culture of Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties" PPT courseware:

"The Culture of the Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties" The coexistence of the multi-ethnic regimes of the Liao, Song, Xia and Jin Dynasties and the unification of the Yuan Dynasty PPT courseware Part 1 content: New lesson introduction: Study ancient poetry and comprehend history. After a while, I wrote a poem for Chen Tongfu to express his feelings. Trumpet company. Eight hundred miles...

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Update Time: 2024-10-19

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