"The Cradle of Western Civilization" Diverse Development of Early Civilization PPT

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"The Cradle of Western Civilization" Diverse Development of Early Civilization PPT

Part 1: First introduction to Greece

Greece is located on the Balkan Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean, bordering the Aegean Sea to the east.

Geographical environment characteristics of ancient Greece

Located in the Balkan Peninsula, facing the Aegean Sea to the east, it has a rugged coastline, many natural harbors, and dotted islands.

Excellent sailing conditions

Navigation, trade, and fishing are developed;

business prosperity

The pursuit of freedom and equality in thought

Seas and mountains divided the Greeks into isolated valleys and islands.

City-states abound

The Cradle of Western Civilization PPT, Part 2: A closer look at the city-states

City-state is one of the basic features of ancient Greek civilization

1) What is a city-state?

A city-state is a small country centered on a city, including some surrounding villages. It has a small area and a small population.

2) What are the characteristics of a city-state?

Small country with few people

3) The time when city-states appeared

8th century BC - 6th century BC

What are the characteristics of the city-state?

The city-state has a well-organized internal layout and complete facilities. The temples, theaters and sports grounds are more Greek-style, reflecting the characteristics of a small country with a small population.

The Cradle of Western Civilization PPT, Part Three: A Deeper Study of Democracy

Athens was the most important city-state in ancient Greece.

What two important periods did Athenian democracy go through? What contribution does each make?

In Athens, who were the main people involved in state management?

What rights do Athenian citizens have?

The development process of Athenian democracy

Archon of Athens: Cleisthenes

Athenian democracy was established

Archon of Athens: Pericles

The heyday of democracy - the golden age

The Cradle of Western Civilization PPT, Part 4: Historical Theater

At the citizens' meeting, Packardi listened to Pericles's speech: "The reason why our system is called democracy is because the power is in the hands of all citizens, not in the hands of a few." After the meeting, Pericles also distributed "theater subsidies" to all attendees. Packardi feels happy living in Athens.

Why does Pacadi feel happy living in Athens?

The rights enjoyed by Athenian citizens include:

(1) Participate in national politics and jointly decide on major issues such as internal affairs, diplomacy, peace and war;

(2) The city-state pays salaries and allowances to citizens who hold public offices and participate in political activities;

(3) The city-state also provides theater watching subsidies to citizens

How would you evaluate the democratic system in Athens?

Athenian democracy had a dual nature;

Positive aspects: It has characteristics and advantages that autocratic rule does not have, allowing citizens to enjoy more rights;

Negative aspects (limitations):

① This democracy was based on slavery, and slaves, women, and foreigners, who constituted the majority of the population, did not have any political rights.

② In the absence of certain restrictive mechanisms, people may abuse democratic rights based on their own likes and dislikes.

The Cradle of Western Civilization PPT, Part 5: Sparta, a City-State

Spartan Natural Location Features:

Surrounded by mountains on three sides, with a plain in the middle

What impact did this natural environment have on the Spartan economy?

Agricultural production is relatively developed

What is the political system like?

The slave-owning aristocracy ruled autocratically and advocated force.

Spartan military education system

After a Spartan baby was born, his father would send it to the elders for examination. If the baby was healthy and strong, he would be taken home to raise him. Otherwise, he would be thrown into a pit at the foot of a mountain. Boys enter military schools at the age of 7 to receive training: they learn gymnastics, learn to use weapons, and practice walking barefoot; they also have to cook for themselves and even do some hard work, so as to cultivate the temperament of obeying commands and being brave and good at fighting. At the age of 20, you can serve in the military and get married, but still live in the military camp; at the age of 30, you can hold an official position and live back home; at the age of 60, you can retire.

The Cradle of Western Civilization PPT, Part Six: Civilization Follow-up

1. The founding of Alexander's empire?

In the 4th century BC, the Macedonian Kingdom in the north of Greece conquered Greece, and the era of Greek city-states ended. Soon, Alexander of Macedonia sent troops to the east, swept Asia Minor and Egypt, occupied the two river basins, destroyed Persia, and established the Alexander Empire spanning Europe, Asia, and Africa, with its capital in Babylon.

2. What ancient civilizations did the territory of Alexander's empire involve?

Before the expedition, Alexander believed that the Greek nation was a unique nation in the world. Only this nation could truly be civilized, while other non-Greek nations were barbaric nations. With the Eastern Expedition, Alexander gradually realized that the Persians and Greeks had outstanding wisdom and talents, and they should also be respected. As a result, Alexander's ideas changed. He believed that all ethnic groups should be fair, equal, and live in harmony. Thus he conceived the great plan of bringing the Persians, Greeks, and Macedonians into friendly companions. In order to promote the integration of Macedonians, Persians, and Orientals, Alexander married Roxana, a Bactrian nobleman, and encouraged Macedonians to marry Oriental women. In Susa, Alexander held a grand and luxurious wedding ceremony. He personally married Statila, the daughter of King Darius III of Persia. There were as many as 10,000 couples of Macedonian soldiers holding weddings on the same day. At the wedding, Alexander announced that Macedonians and Eastern women could enjoy tax-free rights if they married. He also gave many gifts to the newlyweds.

3. What impact did Alexander's empire have on these ancient civilizations?

Alexander's empire spread Greek culture to the East and Eastern culture penetrated into the West, promoting the integration of Eastern and Western cultures.

The Cradle of Western Civilization PPT, Part Seven: Characteristics of Spartan Social Life

Shangwu focuses on military training and emphasizes physical fitness

After a Spartan baby was born, his father would send it to the elders for examination. If the baby was healthy and strong, he would be taken home to raise him. Otherwise, he would be thrown into a pit at the foot of a mountain. Boys enter military schools at the age of 7 to receive training: they learn gymnastics, learn to use weapons, and practice walking barefoot; they also have to cook for themselves and even do some hard work, so as to cultivate the temperament of obeying commands and being brave and good at fighting. At the age of 20, you can serve in the military and get married, but still live in the military camp; at the age of 30, you can hold an official position and live back home; at the age of 60, you can retire.

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Update Time: 2024-09-08

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