"The Composition of the Nervous System" Regulation of Human Life Activities PPT Courseware 2

"The Composition of the Nervous System" Regulation of Human Life Activities PPT Courseware 2

learning target:

1. Describe the composition and function of the nervous system and neurons.

2. Explain that the coordinated movements of various parts of the human body are mainly achieved by the regulation of the nervous system.

3. Learn independently first. Self-study test (12 minutes)

Self-study testing

Conduct self-study testing based on the first major question in the exercise book.

1. The nervous system is composed of _____, _____ and the _____ they emit.

2. The basic unit of structure and function of the nervous system is __________.

3. The basic structure of a neuron includes three parts: _____, _____ and _____.

4. The brain and spinal cord are connected to the body and internal organs through __________.

Analyze the following data

1. An old man suddenly suffered from cerebral thrombosis. Cerebral thrombosis refers to the formation of thrombus due to cerebral arteriosclerosis, narrow blood vessel lumen, and slow blood flow, which affects the blood supply to the local brain. At this time, the old man's limbs did not have any damage, but he became unable to move one limb.

2. An athlete unfortunately fell and injured his waist during a vaulting competition, causing serious damage to his lumbar spinal cord. Despite prompt treatment and no damage to the athlete's lower limbs, he developed paraplegia: loss of motor function in the lower limbs and incontinence of urine and feces.

3. A young man accidentally sprained his waist during labor, causing the right sciatic nerve, the nerve that leads from the lumbar spinal cord to the right lower limb, to be compressed. The young man's right lower limb did not have any damage, but he developed symptoms such as numbness and pain.

4. A woman had a tumor in her brain. The tumor compressed the brain, causing the woman to go blind.

discuss:

1. After reading the above information, what questions do you have?

2. Ask questions about the above information, communicate with classmates, and try to explain it through discussion.

Brain--the most advanced part of the nervous system

Brain: has the functions of managing different parts of the human body.

Cerebellum: Responsible for the coordination of human body movements, coordinating muscle activities, such as walking, running, etc., and maintaining body balance.

Brainstem: Mainly controls the movement of the circulatory system and respiratory system, such as breathing, heartbeat, coughing, etc. It can maintain the normal operation of life activity functions without any conscious interference.

Spinal cord: continuation of brainstem

The spinal cord is located in the spinal canal of the spine and is the lower-level part of the central nervous system. It has conductive and reflective functions;

The brain's control of spinal cord activity: There are many nerve centers in the spinal cord that can independently complete some reflex activities. However, the low-level reflex centers in the spinal cord are generally controlled by the brain and control unconscious reactions.

2. Neurons

1. Neurons, also called nerve cells, are the basic units that constitute the structure and function of the nervous system.

2. Most of the long protrusions are covered with a sheath to form nerve fibers.

3. Nerve fibers are gathered into bundles and covered with membrane to form a nerve.

4. The small branches at the end of nerve fibers are called nerve endings.

basic structure of neurons

The nervous system is made up of many nerve cells called neurons;

Neurons include: cell bodies and nerve fibers;

The cell body contains the cytoplasm of a nucleus;

Nerve fibers have two parts: dendrites (which conduct stimulation to the cell body) and axons (which conduct stimulation outward from the cell body).

Compliance testing

1. Which of the following parts will immediately cause serious disturbances in heartbeat and breathing after being damaged ( ).

A. Cerebellum B. Spinal cord C. Brainstem D. Cranial nerves

2. The axon or long dendrite of a neuron and the myelin sheath on the outside are called ( ).

A. Nerve B. Nerve fiber C. Nerve ending D. Receptor

3. Among the following statements about neurons, which one is wrong ( ).

A. Neurons are nerve cells

B. Neurons have the function of receiving stimulation, generating excitement, and transmitting excitement

C. Neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system

D. The dendrites on the cell body of the neuron are the nerve endings

4． Nerve cells are the nervous system ( ).

A. Basic unit of function B. basic unit of structure

C． The basic unit of function and structure D. conductive structure

5. When people are drunk, they walk unsteadily and stand unsteadily. This is because alcohol is anesthetizing ( ).

A. Somatic motor center B. somatosensory center

C． Cerebellum D. Sense organs related to balance

6. The main function of cranial nerves is ( ).

A. Regulate the activity of body organs

B. Control the activity of internal organs

C． Regulate the activities of various organs in the head

D． Contact the nerve centers below the brain to control low-level central activities

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