"The Collapse of the Colonial System" The World During the Cold War PPT

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"The Collapse of the Colonial System" The World During the Cold War PPT

Part One: The Rise of Asian National Independence Movements

As the largest colonial country, India's independence had a huge impact on the imperialist colonial system.

India and Pakistan independence

India and Pakistan were originally one country, but were divided into two autonomous territories according to the British "Mountbatten Plan" of June 3, 1947. One is India, which mainly believes in Hinduism (established on August 15); the other is Pakistan (established on August 14), which mainly believes in Islam.

On January 26, 1950, the Republic of India was established as a member of the Commonwealth (formerly the British Empire, consisting of the United Kingdom, its dominions and other independent former colonies and dependent countries).

On March 23, 1956, Pakistan was converted from a dominion into a republic and named the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

Three large-scale wars broke out between the two countries after independence. In particular, small-scale armed conflicts over territorial disputes in the undefined Kashmir region have almost never ceased.

Some scattered feudal kingdoms were established from the 3rd to 7th centuries AD. From the end of the 13th century to the beginning of the 14th century, the most powerful Majapahit feudal empire in Indonesian history was established in Java.

In the 15th century, Portugal, Spain and Britain invaded successively. The Dutch invaded in 1596, established the "East India Company" with governmental powers in 1602, and established a colonial government at the end of 1799. Japan occupied Indonesia in 1942. After Japan surrendered in 1945, the "August Revolution" led by Sukarno broke out in Indonesia. It declared independence on August 17 and established the Republic of Indonesia.

After 1947, after many wars and negotiations, the Netherlands and Indonesia signed the Indo-Dutch "Round Table Agreement" in November 1949. According to this agreement, the Federal Republic was established on December 27 of the same year and joined the Dutch-Indian Federation. In August 1950, the Indonesian Federal Assembly passed the provisional constitution and formally declared the establishment of the Republic of Indonesia.

The disintegration of the colonial system PPT, part 2: Africa’s independence movement

Africa's full name is Africa (Greek for "scorching sun"). It borders the Indian Ocean to the east and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. It covers an area of ​​about 30.2 million square kilometers, accounting for about 1/5 of the world's total land area. It is the second largest continent in the world, second only to Asia. Geographically it is divided into North Africa, East Africa, West Africa, Central Africa and South Africa. From the mid-1950s to the early 1990s, the wave of African struggle for national independence swept north and south and was unstoppable.

Free Officers of Egypt coup

On July 23, 1952, 89 middle- and lower-class young officers, the Egyptian "Free Officers Organization", headed by Mohammed Naguib and Gamal Abdul Nasser, launched the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal "July Revolution" ". Drive away King Farouk, overthrow the British-protected Egyptian monarchy, establish a "revolutionary steering committee", and take control of power.

Egypt's full name is The Arab Republic of Egypt. Located in northeastern Africa, it covers an area of ​​1.002 million square kilometers. The population is 74.71 million (2003), mainly Arabs and believe in Islam. Copts account for 11.8% and believe in Christianity.

Why did African countries generally win independence after World War II?

1. African national consciousness is generally awakening;

2. Western colonial empires such as Britain and France were severely damaged and weakened during World War II;

3. The growth of the power of socialist countries such as the Soviet Union has exerted a check on the old imperialism;

4. The United States has conflicts with the old imperialists and hopes to replace them;

5. The victory of the national independence movements in Asia and North Africa played an encouraging role.

The disintegration of the colonial system PPT, the third part: the struggle of Latin American countries to safeguard national rights and interests

Castro leads the Cuban revolution

Background: In 1952, the United States supported Batista in establishing a dictatorship

Mission: Oppose US control and Batista's dictatorship

Significance: Overthrew the dictatorship of Batista and completed the task of the democratic revolution; drove away the forces of US imperialism and achieved national independence; established a socialist system through land reform and nationalization.

The great significance of the victory of the Cuban revolution

① Promote social progress and economic development in Cuba;

② Combat the US hegemonic policy;

③ Encourage the Latin American people to fight for national independence

Panama regains sovereignty over canal

Influenced by the Cuban Revolution, Panama launched a struggle to regain sovereignty over the Canal Zone. In November 1977, Brazil and the United States signed a new treaty on the Panama Canal. According to the New Treaty, the United States was forced to agree to return all sovereignty and jurisdiction over the Canal Zone to Panama before 1999. On December 31, 1999, the Pakistani government officially regained sovereignty over the Panama Canal. Ending the 85-year colonial rule of the United States.

PPT on the disintegration of the colonial system, part 4: Bandung Conference (First Asian-African Conference)

The Bandung Conference (Bandung Conference 1955.4.18～4.24) was an international conference held by some third world countries in Asia and Africa. A total of 29 countries were held in Bandung, Indonesia, to discuss major issues related to Asian and African countries. It is also known as the first international conference. Asian-African Conference. This was also the first large-scale international conference in which Asian and African countries discussed the vital interests of the Asian and African people without the participation of colonial countries.

The conference was initiated by the five countries of Indonesia, Myanmar, Ceylon (today's Sri Lanka), India and Pakistan. Its main purpose was to promote economic and cultural exchanges among Asian and African countries and to jointly resist the colonial or neo-colonial activities of the United States and the Soviet Union.

The convening of the Asian-African Conference was the product of changes in the post-war international situation and the situation in Asia and Africa, as well as the vigorous rise of the national independence movement. In response to the sabotage of some former colonialist and imperialist countries, Zhou Enlai proposed the policy of "seeking common ground while reserving differences", which ensured the success of the meeting. The spirit of unity against imperialism, striving for and safeguarding national independence, and enhancing friendship between peoples of all countries reflected in the meeting is called the "Bandung Spirit."

The disintegration of the colonial system PPT, part 5: Non-Aligned Movement

In the late 1950s, the international pattern of the United States and the Soviet Union's struggle for hegemony became increasingly clear, and the confrontation between "NATO" and the "Warsaw Pact" intensified. In order to safeguard their sovereignty and independence, many emerging nation-states were unwilling to intervene in the struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union. They all announced that they would pursue a neutral foreign policy of not allying with major powers. In 1956, Tito, Nasser and Nehru held talks, setting off the Non-Aligned Movement (The Non-Aligned Movement).

From September 1st to 6th, 1961, the first 25-nation Non-Aligned Conference was held in Beograd, the capital of Yugoslavia. The Non-Aligned Movement was formally formed. This was the second epoch-making milestone after the Bandung Conference. It reflects the desire of emerging nation-states to unite against imperialism and hegemony and safeguard independence. It is actually an "alliance" between emerging nation-states.

Non-alignment means that emerging independent national countries do not ally with any major power (mainly the United States and the Soviet Union) or military groups (mainly NATO and the Warsaw Pact) and maintain peaceful neutrality in a bipolar confrontation. The convening of the Asian-African Conference and the birth of the Non-Aligned Movement marked the rise of the Third World. The emerging nation-states in the vast Asia, Africa and Latin America have gradually become another important international force outside the two poles, that is, the Third World.

The Disintegration of the Colonial System PPT, Part 6: Group of 77

(1) What is the organizational goal of the G77?

(2) What does the struggle of the Group of 77 express the pursuit of developing countries?

Beginning in the 1960s and 1970s, four Asian countries or regions, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong (which had not yet returned to China at that time), successively implemented export-oriented strategies, focusing on the development of labor-intensive processing industries, and achieved success in a short period of time. economic take-off. The so-called "East Asian model" has attracted worldwide attention, and they are also known as "Asia's Four Little Dragons" (Asia's Four Little Dragons).

The Four Asian Tigers refer to the four countries of ASEAN (ASEAN): Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. The economies of the four countries all developed rapidly in the 1990s like the Four Asian Tigers in the 1980s, hence the name. Unfortunately, with the impact of the Asian financial turmoil in 1997, these four tigers failed to stabilize the economic foundation like the four tigers, and also owed a large debt to the International Monetary Fund.

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"The Collapse of the Colonial System" PPT courseware on the world during the Cold War:

"The Collapse of the Colonial System" The World During the Cold War PPT Courseware Part One: Asian National Independence Movements 1. Background: Asian, African and Latin American countries have been under Western colonial rule for a long time, and their development has been severely hindered. 2. Overview: In the 1940s, Asia first launched...

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Update Time: 2024-09-16

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