"The Collapse of the Colonial System" PPT courseware on the world during the Cold War

"The Collapse of the Colonial System" PPT courseware on the world during the Cold War

Part One: Asian National Independence Movements

1. Background: Countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America have been under Western colonial rule for a long time, and their development has been severely hindered.

2. Overview: In the 1940s, Asia was the first to set off a wave of national liberation movements. Northern Vietnam, North Korea and China successively embarked on the road of socialism, and other countries also gained independence.

3. Typical representative: As the largest colonial country, India’s independence had a huge impact on the imperialist colonial system.

4. Influence: In the 1950s and 1960s, national independence movements swept across Africa and Latin America, leading to the final collapse of the colonial system.

The Collapse of the Colonial System PPT, Part 2: National Independence Movements in Africa

1. “Year of African Independence”:

① In 1952, the revolutionary forces headed by Nasser overthrew the British-controlled puppet regime and won Egypt's true independence; in 1956, Egypt took back the Suez Canal, and British and French forces completely withdrew from Egypt.

② In 1960, 17 countries in Africa became independent. This year was called the "Year of African Independence", which basically destroyed the colonial rule of Britain, France and other countries in Africa.

2. The end of the colonial era:

In 1990, Namibia became independent, marking the end of the colonial era. Africa has entered a new historical period.

The Suez Canal is in northeastern Egypt and has a total length of 173 kilometers. It was excavated in 1859 and completed in 1869. This canal connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, shortening the voyage from Western Europe to India by 5,500-8,000 kilometers compared to crossing the Cape of Good Hope in Africa.

The canal was built on Egyptian soil and is Egypt's national resource. The Egyptian people paid 120,000 lives for the construction of this canal. However, the rights to the canal have been occupied by Britain and France for a long time. Most of the revenue from the canal went into the pockets of British and French capitalists. The Suez Canal is known as the "Great Waterway of the East" and is of great strategic and economic value. Therefore, taking back the canal is a legitimate demand of the Egyptian people and is related to Egypt's sovereignty and national rights.

PPT on the disintegration of the colonial system, part three: Panama regains sovereignty over the canal

1. Background:

① At the end of World War II, most Latin American countries had already gained independence, but they had long been under the influence and control of the United States.

②In 1959, the victory of the Cuban revolution greatly inspired the national democratic movement in Latin America. Under this influence, many demonstrations broke out in Panama, demanding the recovery of sovereignty over the Panama Canal.

③In 1964, a Panamanian student raised the Panamanian flag in the Canal Zone and was shot dead by the US military, triggering an unprecedented anti-American wave in Panama.

Castro leads the Cuban revolution

Significance: Overthrew the dictatorship of Batista, the puppet regime supported by the United States, and completed the task of the democratic revolution; drove away the forces of US imperialism and achieved national independence; established a socialist system through land reform and nationalization.

Born on August 13, 1926 in the town of Bilan, Oriental Province, Cuba. Graduated from the University of Havana in 1950 with a doctorate in law. On July 26, 1953, he led an armed uprising against the Batista dictatorship and was arrested after the failure. In 1955, he went into exile in the United States and Mexico, and planned the "July 26th Movement" while in Mexico. He returned to Cuba in 1956 and established a rebel army and base in the Maestra Mountains. In January 1959, he led the rebel army to overthrow the Batista dictatorship, established a revolutionary government, and served as Prime Minister (later renamed Chairman of the Council of Ministers) and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.

2. Process:

① In 1977, Panama and the United States signed a new canal treaty, which allowed Panama to gradually participate in the management of the canal.

②On December 31, 1999, Panama regained sovereignty and jurisdiction over the Canal Zone.

The Collapse of the Colonial System PPT, Part 4: Development of Asian, African and Latin American Countries

1. Mission: Maintain national independence and develop national economy.

2.Performance:

①Political: Convene the Asian-African Conference.

②Economically: Carry out modernization reforms.

A. In the 1960s and 1970s, countries such as Singapore and South Korea seized the opportunity to vigorously develop labor-intensive industries and rapidly transformed into emerging modern countries;

B. Form the Group of 77.

After independence, many Asian, African and Latin American countries did not completely get rid of the control of developed countries economically and faced long-term development difficulties. In 1964, at the first United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 77 developing countries issued the "Joint Declaration of Seventy-Seven" calling for changes to the unequal international economic order. The Group of 77 later grew to include more than 100 member countries. Their struggle to establish an equal, just and reasonable new international economic order expressed the modernization pursuit of the vast number of developing countries.

The disintegration of the colonial system PPT, part five: expansion and improvement

Summarize the historical process of independence and revitalization of Asia and Africa

The first stage lasted from 1945 to the mid-1950s. The national liberation movement climaxed in Asia and North Africa. Important events included the independence of India and Egypt.

The second stage was from the mid-1950s to the late 1960s, when national liberation movements spread widely in Africa and Latin America. The "African Independence Year" and the Cuban Revolution were major events during this period.

The third stage was from the early 1970s to the 1990s, when the national liberation movements in Asia, Africa and Latin America developed in depth. Major events included Panama regaining sovereignty over the Panama Canal in 1999 and Namibia's independence in 1990, the latter of which marked the imperialist colonial system. The complete collapse in Africa also marked the final disintegration of the world colonial system.

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