"The Coexistence of Liao, Song, Xixia, and Jin" PPT courseware 2 during the Song and Yuan Dynasties

"The Coexistence of Liao, Song, Xixia, and Jin" PPT courseware 2 during the Song and Yuan Dynasties

Scenario introduction

Have you all watched "Dragon Movie"? Who does Qiao Feng in that movie originally think he is? (Han people in the Northern Song Dynasty) Who did you find out later? (Khitan from Liao Kingdom) Where does Duan Yu belong to the royal family?

(Dali) Which princess did Xu Zhu marry?

(Western Xia) At that time, the Northern Song Dynasty established by the Han people, the Liao Dynasty established by the Khitans, and the Xixia established by the Dangxiang people constituted a special historical period in which national governments coexisted.

1. The peace and war between Song Dynasty, Liao Dynasty and Xixia Dynasty

1. Liao-Song War

After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were many wars with the Liao Dynasty. After the failure of the attack on Liao, the Song Dynasty was unable to move northward and could only take a defensive stance.

2. Alliance of Chanyuan

Read historical materials:

Material 1: In the autumn of 1004 (the first year of Jingde, Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty), Empress Dowager Xiao of Liao and Shengzong of Liao personally led an army southward, deep into the Song Dynasty. Some ministers advocated fleeing south to avoid the enemy. Song Zhenzong also wanted to flee south. Because of the urging of Prime Minister Kou Zhun, he went to Chanzhou to supervise the war. The Song army defended the town behind the Liao army, and shot Liao general Xiao Talan (一zuolin) at the foot of Chanzhou City. Due to its own reasons, the Liao Dynasty secretly communicated with the Northern Song Dynasty court very early through the surrender of the old general Wang Jizhong of the Liao Dynasty.

Material two:

Alliance of Chanyuan

1. The Liao and Song Dynasties were countries of brothers;

2. Both sides withdraw their troops and each defends the border;

3. The Song Dynasty sent coins to the Liao Dynasty every year;

4. Both parties carry out mutual trade.

(1) What is the background and impact of the signing of the Chanyuan Alliance?

Background: The Liao army attacked the Song Dynasty. Under the urging of Prime Minister Kou Zhun, the emperor personally attacked the Song Dynasty. Song Zhenzong reluctantly came to Chanzhou City. The morale of the Song army was greatly boosted and the Liao army was defeated.

Impact: For a long time thereafter, the border between the two sides was relatively stable, with frequent economic and cultural exchanges.

(2) Combining Material 2 and the knowledge learned, how to correctly evaluate the Chanyuan Alliance?

The alliance maintained a long-term peaceful relationship between Liao and Song Dynasty and enabled the people of both sides to live a stable life. From the perspective of the development history of the entire Chinese nation, it is conducive to the development and unification of our multi-ethnic country. However, the covenant also reflected the Northern Song government's desire for peace and deepened the economic burden on the people of the Northern Song Dynasty.

2. The rise of the Jurchen tribe

1. Basic circumstances of the establishment of the Jin Dynasty.

Time: 1115 Capital: Huining

Founder: Wanyan Aguda

Country name: Daikin

Nationality: Jurchen

2. The demise of Liao and Northern Song Dynasty.

When the Jurchens were rising, the Northern Song Dynasty wanted to use the power of Jin to regain the lost territory occupied by the Liao Dynasty, and sent envoys to make an appointment with the Jin to attack the Liao Dynasty. In 1125, Liao was destroyed by Jin.

In April of the second year of Jingkang (1127), the Jin army captured Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan) and captured more than 3,000 people including Song Huizong, Song Qinzong and his son, as well as a large number of Zhao family members, concubines, nobles, and court officials, and escorted them north to Tokyo. All public and private savings in the city were wiped out.

3. Confrontation between Song and Jin Dynasties

Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty was named Zhao Gou. The ninth son of Huizong and the younger brother of Qinzong. He is intelligent by nature, knowledgeable, has extraordinary physical strength (can shoot a 200-pound stiff bow), and has a strong memory. He can read and recite more than a thousand words of books every day, has a strong memorization of erudite knowledge, and has profound attainments in calligraphy.

After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, he fled to Nanjing and became emperor, and later made his capital Lin'an. How did he transform from a strongman to a "fleeing emperor"?

1. Basic situation of the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty.

After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Gou ascended to the throne. Zhao Gou was Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty and made Lin'an his capital. It was known as the Southern Song Dynasty in history.

2. Answer Yue Fei’s achievements in resisting gold based on textbook knowledge.

Yue Fei led his army to severely defeat the main cavalry of the Jin Army in the Battle of Licheng, and took advantage of the victory to regain a lot of lost ground.

3. What is the historical background of the peace negotiations between Song and Jin Dynasties? What is the content of the peace agreement?

Background: When it was expected to regain the Central Plains, Song Gaozong and the powerful minister Qin Hui were afraid that the anti-Jin forces would grow and endanger their rule, so they ordered Yue Fei to fight.

Content: The Southern Song Dynasty professed their vassalage to the Jin Dynasty and gave them gold coins. The two sides demarcated the line from the Huaihe River to Dashanguan Pass.

4. The influence of the peace negotiations between Song and Jin Dynasties.

In the nearly one hundred years since then, the basic pattern of confrontation between the North and the South has generally been maintained. Under a relatively peaceful situation, the economy in the north gradually recovered, and the social economy in the south developed more rapidly.

In-class training

1. Between which two regimes did the Chanyuan Alliance occur? ( )

A.Liao and Xixia B.Northern Song and Liao

C.Northern Song Dynasty and Xixia D.Northern Song Dynasty and Tubo

2. The reason why Xixia and Northern Song Dynasty made peace is ( )

A. Xixia was defeated by the Northern Song Dynasty

B. The Song Dynasty was defeated by Xixia

C. Song and Xia were at war for many years, and both sides suffered heavy losses.

D. Xia was threatened by Liao and needed to unite with Northern Song

3.In 1115, the person who proclaimed himself emperor and established the Jin Dynasty in Huining was ( )

A. Abaoji B. Aguda

C. Yuan Hao D. Yelu Deguang

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"The Coexistence of Liao, Song, Xixia, and Jin" PPT courseware during the Song and Yuan Dynasties:

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