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Authoritative PPT Summary
"The Circle Structure of the Earth" The Earth in the Universe PPT
Part One: Self-Study Guidance
1. The types and propagation characteristics of seismic waves, and the changing characteristics of the propagation speed of seismic waves at the Moho interface and Gutenberg interface.
2. The division of the Earth’s internal circles and the characteristics of each layer.
3. The structure and characteristics of the earth’s outer spheres and the interrelationships between the spheres.
Confuse
What kind of secrets are hidden inside the magical earth? How do scientists detect the structure of the Earth's interior?
The Earth's Spherical Structure PPT, Part 2: 1. The Earth's Internal Spherical Structure
Basis for classification—changes in seismic wave propagation speed
Seismic waves - When an earthquake occurs, the underground material will undergo elastic vibrations when it is strongly impacted, and spreads around in the form of waves. This kind of elastic waves is called seismic waves. Seismic waves are divided into longitudinal waves (P waves) and transverse waves (S waves).
Classification and characteristics of seismic waves
People on land first feel bumps up and down, and then feel rocking back and forth, left and right
People on the ship only felt the bumps up and down
The interface between the Earth’s inner spheres—discontinuity
Discontinuous Surfaces: Moho and Gutenberg Interfaces
Earth's internal structure
A hard outer shell composed of solid rock;
over moho;
Average thickness 17Km;
The thickness varies, with the continental part being thicker and the oceanic part being thinner.
between Moho and Gutenberg;
Can be divided into upper and lower mantle;
The asthenosphere in the upper mantle is the source of magma.
Lithosphere = top of upper mantle + crust
Below the Gutenberg surface;
Composed of iron and nickel, with a thickness of about 3400 km;
Can be divided into inner core and outer core;
The outer core may be in a molten state, while the inner core may be in a solid state (metal ball) due to high temperature and pressure.
The Earth's Spherical Structure PPT, Part Three: 2. The Earth's External Spherical Structure
Atmosphere: The complex system of gases and suspended matter that surrounds the Earth. The main components are nitrogen and oxygen. Is an important part of the earth’s natural environment
Hydrosphere: A general term for various forms of water bodies on and near the surface. It includes rivers, lakes, swamps, groundwater, etc. The water in the hydrosphere is in continuous cyclic motion.
Biosphere: It occupies the bottom of the atmosphere, all of the hydrosphere, and the upper part of the lithosphere. It is the mutual penetration and interaction of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere, which together constitute the earth's ecosystem.
The atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and lithosphere are interconnected and interpenetrated, and together constitute the natural environment on which human beings depend for survival and development.
Earth's Spherical Structure PPT, Part 4: Classroom Exercises
1. When the earthquake happened, the people sitting in the boat ( )
A. First I felt bumps up and down, and then I felt shaking left and right, back and forth.
B. I only feel bumps up and down
C. First you feel shaking left and right, front and back, and then you feel bumping up and down.
D. I only feel shaking left and right, back and forth
2. Below the Moho interface ( )
A. Both longitudinal and transverse wave propagation speeds increase
B. The propagation speed of longitudinal waves decreases and the propagation speed of transverse waves increases.
C. Both longitudinal and transverse wave propagation speeds decrease
D. The propagation speed of longitudinal waves increases, and the propagation speed of transverse waves decreases.
3. The main component of the atmosphere is ( )
A. Nitrogen and hydrogen B. Oxygen and nitrogen
C. Hydrogen and oxygen D. Oxygen and carbon
4. The hydrosphere is a layer of ________. ( )
A. Continuous and regular B. Continuous but irregular
C. Discontinuous but regular D. Discontinuous and irregular
5. Which statement about the biosphere is correct ( )
A. The biosphere refers to all living things on earth
B. The biosphere is the largest ecosystem on earth and the most active circle.
C. The biosphere occupies the entire atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the upper part of the lithosphere
D. There is no connection between the biosphere and the lithosphere
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