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"The Circle Structure of the Earth" Viewing the Earth from the Universe PPT
Part One: Interpretation of Curriculum Standards
[Download Lesson Standards] Use schematic diagrams to illustrate the spherical structure of the Earth.
[Learning Objectives]
1. Understand the divisions of the earth’s inner circles and the names and compositions of the earth’s outer circles.
2. Understand the main characteristics of each sphere inside and outside the earth.
Core Competencies Focus
1. Draw a structural diagram of the Earth’s internal spheres and analyze the main characteristics of each sphere. (Comprehensive thinking + geographical practical ability)
2. Use image data to analyze the relationship between the various layers outside the earth. (Regional cognition + comprehensive thinking)
The Earth’s Spherical Structure PPT, Part 2: Strong Foundation and Independent Diagnosis
[Basic literacy]
1. The Earth’s Inner Circle
1. seismic waves
(1) Classification: A in the picture represents _____, and B represents _____.
(2)Characteristics
A wave: propagates slowly and can only spread through _____
B wave: spreads faster and can spread through _____
2. Circle division
(1) Basis: The change of seismic waves in the earth’s interior _____.
(2)Interface:
①C __________: At an average of 33 kilometers below the ground (continental part), the propagation speeds of A and B waves are obviously _____.
②D__________: At about 2,900 kilometers underground, the A wave __________ and the B wave propagates at __________.
(3) Circles: From the inside to the outside, E+F is __________, G is _____, and H is the crust.
3. Lithosphere: including the crust and the top of _____ (above the asthenosphere), composed of hard _____.
[Special reminder] The lithosphere is not equal to the crust. The lithosphere contains not only the crust but also the top part of the upper mantle (above the asthenosphere). The relationship between the two is shown in the figure below:
Literacy Inventory: Some people use a "half-boiled egg" to vividly describe the internal structure of the earth. Please analyze and point out the reasonable and unreasonable aspects of this metaphor. (Regional awareness + geographical practice)
Tip: Reasonable: If we use a "half-boiled egg" to describe the Earth's inner sphere, the eggshell is the crust and the egg white is the mantle. Since it is half-cooked, some of the egg whites represent the magma in the asthenosphere, and the yolk is the core.
Unreasonable: For half-boiled eggs, the yolk is liquid inside and solid outside or the entire yolk is liquid, which is inconsistent with the solid core.
2. Earth’s outer sphere
1. A atmosphere:
(1) Composition: It is composed of gas and suspended matter. The main components are _____ and _____.
(2) Function: The protective umbrella of life on earth.
2. B Hydrosphere: The circle of __________ composed of water bodies on the earth’s surface.
3. C__________: A general term for organisms on the earth’s surface and their living environment. It occupies the bottom of the atmosphere, all of __________, and the upper part of the lithosphere.
[Autonomous diagnosis]
If there is an episode of the cartoon "Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf", I want to design the Pleasant Goat to "escape" to the other side of the earth. He burrowed from his home into the ground, always traveling in a straight line and traveling through the center of the earth. Complete questions 1-2 accordingly.
1. Before he passed through the center of the earth, the ones he passed through in sequence were ()
A. Crust-mantle-core-Moho surface-Gutenberg surface
B． Crust - Gutenberg surface - mantle - Moho surface - core
C. Mantle - Moho - Core - Gutenberg - Crust
D. Crust - Moho - Mantle - Gutenberg - Core
The Earth’s Spherical Structure PPT, Part Three: Analysis of Problems and Collaborative Exploration
Exploration Point 1: The Earth’s Inner Sphere
[Topic Focus]
Exploring the Earth's inner sphere has always been the focus of human attention. The most intuitive way to explore the Earth's inner sphere is to enter the Earth's interior for observation. However, this is not feasible at the current level of technology. By studying the propagation speed of seismic waves, scientists have divided the interior of the earth into three main layers: the crust, the mantle and the core.
Draw conclusions about issues through collaborative inquiry.
Exploration 1: What are the categories of seismic waves? What are the characteristics of its propagation speed?
Tip: Seismic waves are divided into longitudinal waves and transverse waves, and they propagate at different speeds in different media. Among them, longitudinal waves propagate quickly and can propagate through solids, liquids and gases; transverse waves propagate slowly and can only propagate through solids.
Exploration 2: How many circles can the interior of the earth be divided into? What physical form are they in?
Tip: The interior of the earth can be divided into three layers: crust, mantle and core. The mantle can also be subdivided into upper mantle and lower mantle. The core is further divided into outer core and inner core. The crust, mantle, and inner core are solid. Because transverse waves cannot pass through the outer core, it may be in a molten state.
Exploration 3: There is a molten layer called the asthenosphere found in the mantle. Is the asthenosphere located in the upper part of the upper mantle or at the top of the upper mantle? Why do some people think it is the main source of magma?
Tip: The asthenosphere is located in the upper part of the upper mantle. Because the heat accumulated by the decay of radioactive elements there may keep the rock in a molten state, some people believe that it is the main source of magma.
1. Which of the following statements is correct ()
A. Both longitudinal and transverse wave speeds increase with depth
B． Between ① and ② is the Gutenberg surface
C. The transverse waves suddenly disappeared at a depth of about 2,900 kilometers.
D. The Earth's core is the main source of magma
2. The lithosphere refers to ()
A. The top of ① B. The top of ②
C. All of ① and the top of ② D. ③External
Analysis: Question 1, it can be seen from the figure that the transverse wave disappears when it reaches the Gutenberg surface, and the propagation speed of the longitudinal wave also suddenly decreases; between ① and ② is the Moho surface; the asthenosphere in the upper mantle is magma main place of origin. Question 2: The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the top of the upper mantle, that is, the part above the asthenosphere.
Answer: 1.C 2.C
The Earth’s Spherical Structure PPT, Part 4: Improving Abilities and Layered Training
At 11:38 a.m. on March 19, 2019, Beijing time, the Popocatepetl volcano, located about 65 kilometers southeast of Mexico City, erupted. Read the volcanic landscape map and the earth's internal layer structure map, and complete questions 1 to 3.
1. The hot magma erupting from the crater is generally believed to come from ()
A. ①Circle B. ②Circle
C. ③ Circle D. ④Circle
2. Which of the following statements about the characteristics of the Earth's spheres is correct ()
A. ①The thickness of the circle is greater in the ocean than in the land
B． ② Circle transverse waves cannot pass through
C. ③The circle is most likely to be liquid
D. ④The temperature, pressure and density of the circle are small
3. The order in which these spreading volcanic ash materials migrate in the Earth's sphere is ()
A. Atmosphere → Hydrosphere, Biosphere → Lithosphere
B． Lithosphere → Atmosphere → Hydrosphere, Biosphere
C. Hydrosphere, biosphere → atmosphere → lithosphere
D. Hydrosphere, biosphere→lithosphere→atmosphere
Analysis: Question 1, Circle ② is the mantle, and there is an asthenosphere in the upper part, which may be one of the main origins of magma. Question 2: Circle ① is the crust, of which the oceanic part is thinner and the continental part is thicker; circles ③ and ④ are the core of the earth, of which ③ is the outer core, which may be composed of liquid material, and ④ is the inner core, which has a very high temperature. , the pressure and density are very high. Question 3, this question has explained that it is the sequence of migration of volcanic ash in the earth's sphere, rather than starting from the source of volcanic ash. It is obvious that volcanic ash floats in the atmosphere, slowly settles, enters the hydrosphere, biosphere, and finally deposited into the lithosphere.
Answer: 1.B 2.C 3.A
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