"The Challenge of the West and the Decline of the Qing Dynasty" Economic and cultural development and China on the eve of modern times PPT courseware 3

"The Challenge of the West and the Decline of the Qing Dynasty" Economic and cultural development and China on the eve of modern times PPT courseware 3

1. The colonial forces came eastward

1. 16th century

(1) Portuguese: Occupy Macau

(2) Spaniards and Dutch: Invading Taiwan

2.Mid-17th century

(1) Tsarist Russia invaded the northeastern border of our country, occupied the cities of Yaksa and Nerchinsk, and established strongholds

(2) Emperor Kangxi twice besieged Yaksa City on a large scale and achieved victory.

(3) In 1689, China and Russia signed the Treaty of Nerchinsk

3. Since the 18th century

(1) British, French and other colonial powers came to China one after another

(2) Set up a "commercial office" in Guangzhou to conduct trade with China

2. Political corruption in the middle and late Qing Dynasty

(1) The ruling group is arrogant and extravagant, officials are corrupt, and the national treasury is empty

(2) The army is corrupted, military discipline is lax, armaments are depleted, and combat effectiveness is weakened

(3) Social conflicts are very acute, with peasant uprisings and anti-Qing struggles occurring one after another.

3. Macartney’s visit to China and the “isolation of the country”

1. Macartney (UK) visited China

(1) Purpose: To expand trade with China

(2) Time: 1792 (Qianlong period)

(3) Result: Emperor Qianlong rejected all his demands; the Qing government tightened its control over foreign trade policies and implemented a "closed door" policy

2. The negative impact of “closing the country away”

(1) It restricted China’s foreign trade, but could not stop the colonists’ expansion.

(2) The Qing Dynasty gradually fell behind the world trend, and China’s development could no longer keep up with the pace of Western development after the Industrial Revolution.

Suitang quiz

In 1793, Macartney led the British mission to China and proposed to the Qing government that the undefended islands would be settled by the British, and the British would be allowed to trade in Ningbo, Zhoushan, and Tianjin, set up business offices in Beijing, and reduce commercial taxes. This request was immediately rejected by Emperor Qianlong. Emperor Qianlong pointed out: "The Celestial Empire has its own land and territory, and its territory is densely populated, including sandbanks and islands. It must also be demarcated and divided, and each has its own place." He also said quite proudly: "The Celestial Empire is rich in products and did not borrow goods from foreigners. To communicate the existence and non-existence.”

(1) Which place did the Qing government at that time only allow to do business with foreign merchants?

(2) What can be seen from this material about Macartney’s purpose in coming to China?

(3) What did Emperor Qianlong’s words mean?

Emperor Qianlong said that China was the richest country in the world at that time. It was rich in products and could be self-sufficient in all aspects of production and life. There was no need to trade with foreign countries.

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"The Challenge of the West and the Decline of the Qing Dynasty" Economic and cultural development and China on the eve of modern times PPT courseware 2:

"The Challenge of the West and the Decline of the Qing Dynasty" Economic and cultural development and China on the eve of modern times PPT courseware 2 1. The colonial power came to the East In the 16th century, the Portuguese occupied _____, the Spanish and the Dutch successively occupied _____, and in the mid-17th century, Tsarist Russia invaded my country's Heilongjiang River...

"The Challenge of the West and the Decline of the Qing Dynasty" Economic and cultural development and China on the eve of modern times PPT courseware:

"The Challenge of the West and the Decline of the Qing Dynasty" Economic and cultural development and China on the eve of modern times PPT courseware Learning objectives 1. Understand the history of the colonial forces coming eastward in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and China's anti-aggression struggle, and inspire the spirit of patriotism. 2. Know that the Qing Dynasty moved from its peak to prosperity in the late Qianlong period...