"The Blending of Northern Nationalities" PPT Courseware 2 during the Three Kingdoms, Two Jins and Southern and Northern Dynasties

"The Blending of Northern Nationalities" PPT Courseware 2 during the Three Kingdoms, Two Jins and Southern and Northern Dynasties

Xianbei - a nation on horseback

Nomadic, highly mobile, good at hunting

The cavalry is fierce and the level of education is relatively low

1. The evolution of political power in the north

1. The evolution of the northern regime

(1) Background: The unification of the Western Jin Dynasty was destroyed, and northern minorities moved south one after another.

(2) Evolution process: the beginning of the 4th century - the 16 Kingdoms period - the mid-5th century when the Northern Wei (Western Wei and Eastern Wei) unified the north - the Northern Dynasties (Northern Qi and Northern Zhou)

(3) Characteristics of the times: Only the Pre-Qin Dynasty and the Northern Wei Dynasty achieved brief unification; in the rest of the period, there were many regimes and wars.

Reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty

Language: Xianbei language is banned in the court and Chinese must be used.

Clothing: Officials and their families must wear Han costumes.

Surname: Xianbei surname was changed to Han surname.

Intermarriage: Encourage marriage between Xianbei nobles and Han nobles.

Politics: Adopt Han official system and laws.

Customs: Learn Han etiquette, respect Confucius, govern the country with filial piety, and advocate the culture of respecting and caring for the elderly.

The Northern Wei unified the north and initially ended the former Qin

After the collapse of the northern divisions, there was a trend of ethnic integration in the north.

National integration refers to the mutual influence and penetration of different production methods, customs, cultural and psychological characteristics between different ethnic groups. It is a natural integration between ethnic groups.

National integration includes not only the process of sinicization of ethnic minorities, but also the absorption of the excellent culture of ethnic minorities by the Han people. All previous ethnic integrations took place with the Han nationality as the core.

This is a progressive phenomenon in Chinese history.

Why did Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty move the capital?

1. The food produced in Pingcheng cannot meet the needs of the large population in the capital.

2. The northern location of Pingcheng is not conducive to ruling the Central Plains and learning advanced Han culture.

3. Reduce resistance to reform, and Pingcheng’s conservative forces are strong

Learn and think

Emperor Xiaowen chose women with the Central Plains surname (Han aristocrats) as his harem, and appointed women with the Central Plains surname as princesses for his five younger brothers. Many Xianbei princesses also married into high-ranking Han families.

Encourage marriage between Xianbei nobles and Han nobles

The impact of Emperor Xiaowen’s reforms in the Northern Wei Dynasty (significance)

Promoted the great integration of northern ethnic groups

Conducive to the development of northern economy

Accelerated the feudalization process of northern ethnic minorities

Emperor Xiaowen was an outstanding minority political reformer in ancient my country

Knowledge sorting

Reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty

background

①The Northern Wei Dynasty unified the Yellow River Basin.

② The integration of ethnic groups in the Yellow River Basin has become a trend.

content

①Move the capital to Luoyang

②Chinese measures

Influence

Promoted the great integration of northern ethnic groups

Conducive to the development of northern economy

Accelerated the feudalization process of northern ethnic minorities

practice

1. The Northern Wei Dynasty was a political power established by which of the following ethnic minorities: ( )

A.Jie B.Xianbei C.Di D.Xiongnu

2. Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital from Pingcheng to ( )

A. Chang'an B. Xu C. Luoyang D. Yin

Reading material:

Engels said: Barbaric conquerors are always conquered by the higher civilization of the peoples they conquer, and most of them even have to adopt the language of the conquered. This is an eternal historical law.

Please answer:

(1) Give an example of an ancient Chinese reform that is most consistent with Engels’s words?

Reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty

(2) Do you know what aspects have changed before and after this reform?

Clothing, surname, marriage, official system, etc.

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