"The Beiyang Government and Warlords' Melee" The World and China in the Early 20th Century PPT

Description

"The Beiyang Government and Warlords' Melee" The World and China in the Early 20th Century PPT

Part One: Understanding the Beiyang Government

The national emblem during the Beiyang Government period was the "Twelve Chapter National Emblem", also known as the "Jiahe National Emblem". The designers were Lu Xun, Qian Daosun and Xu Shoushang. The pattern of the "Twelve Chapters National Emblem" comes from the twelve images embroidered on the emperor's dress in ancient China and the patterns on the stone carvings of the "Five Rui Tu" in the Han Dynasty. It combines the sun, moon, stars, mountains, and mountains in the traditional twelve chapters. Dragon, Huazhong, Zongyi, algae, fire, rice, 黼, and 黻 symbolize stability, loyalty, filial piety, cleanliness, etc.

The national flag during the Beiyang Government period was the "five-color flag", which means "republic of the five ethnic groups". The earliest origin of the five-color flag

In the 1906 draft of the national flag of the Tongmenghui Headquarters, it was believed that the five colors were reflected in the Five Elements theory in Chinese tradition, and were consistent with the habit of using five numbers in Chinese culture such as the Five Virtues. The five colors representing the five ethnic groups can soften the meaning of racial revolution and are also a symbol of political clarity.

PPT about the melee between the Beiyang government and the warlords, part 2: The Beiyang government

1. Create:

After Yuan Shikai took office as the interim president, he moved the interim government from Nanjing to Beijing, reorganized the cabinet, and began to monopolize power step by step. Chinese history entered the period of Beiyang government rule.

The establishment of the Beiyang government

(1) The provisional government is located in Nanjing, which has been agreed upon by representatives of each province and cannot be changed;

(2) The President shall be dismissed after the new President arrives in Nanjing and takes office;

(3) The new president must abide by the "temporary agreement".

What was the purpose of Sun Yat-sen in proposing these three conditions?

In order to limit Yuan Shikai's power and retain the achievements of the Revolution of 1911

What countermeasures did Yuan Shikai take to break through the limitations of these three conditions?

1. The provisional government moved from Nanjing to Beijing

2. Reorganize the cabinet and appoint a close associate as prime minister

2. Yuan Shikai’s rule:

Shikai is deeply willing to do its best to carry forward the republican spirit and cleanse the flaws of autocracy. We must abide by the Constitution and follow the wishes of the people, hoping that the country will be in a safe and strong territory so that the five major ethnic groups can enjoy common prosperity.

Main contents of "Twenty-One"

① Recognize that Japan will inherit all German rights and interests in Shandong, and Shandong Province shall not transfer or lease it to other countries.

② Recognize the privileges of Japanese people to live, travel, operate industry and commerce, and mine in southern Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia.

③ All China’s coastal harbors and islands will not be leased or transferred to other countries.

④The Chinese government hires Japanese as political, military, financial and other consultants.

3. Yuan Shikai restored the monarchy

①Overview: At the end of 1915, Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, changed the name of the country to the Chinese Empire, and designated 1916 as the first year of Hongxian.

PPT about the melee between the Beiyang government and the warlords, the third part: the melee between the warlords

1. Overview: After Yuan Shikai's death, the Beiyang warlords quickly split into three major factions: the Zhili clique, the Anhui clique, and the Feng clique. They competed fiercely for the central power in Beijing and the territory of the provinces.

Activity: Count, what were the main warlord factions in the early years of the Republic of China? Find out on the map the areas controlled by each warlord?

warlords melee

After Yuan Shikai's death, the factional disputes within the Beiyang warlords became prominent, and they were quickly classified into three major factions, namely Zhang Zuolin's Fengclique warlords, Feng Guozhang's Zhili clique warlords, and Duan Qirui's Anhui clique warlords.

2. Impact:

① There has been a chaotic war between warlords for more than ten years, and the entire country is in a state of fragmentation.

② Each faction takes turns to control the government, and the political situation is unstable.

③Long years of war have caused chaos in social order and made people's lives miserable.

Note: The most notable features of the period of Beiyang warlord rule after Yuan Shikai's death were military castration, melee fighting, and the country's fragmentation.

PPT about the melee between the Beiyang government and warlords, part 4: integration and improvement

Compare the similarities and differences between the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Revolution of 1911

Same point:

①Historical background: They all occurred when the world's capitalist countries entered the imperialist stage, the Qing government was extremely corrupt, and China faced a serious national crisis.

②Purpose: All are to change China’s current situation, save the country from extinction, and develop capitalism.

③Leading class and its characteristics: They are all led by the bourgeoisie and have the characteristics of compromising with imperialism and feudal forces.

④The final result and its reasons: It failed to change the semi-colonial and semi-feudal social nature of China. The fundamental reason lies in the limitations of the bourgeoisie itself.

difference:

① Political proposition: The reformers advocated the implementation of a constitutional monarchy and the retention of the emperor. The revolutionaries advocated overthrowing the monarchy and implementing a democratic republic.

② Means and nature: The Reform Movement of 1898 relied on the emperor to carry out top-down reforms and was a bourgeois reform movement. The Revolution of 1911 adopted a bottom-up armed struggle and was a bourgeois democratic revolution in a relatively complete sense.

③The results were different: the Reform Movement of 1898 died midway and the reform laws were repealed. Although the revolutionary fruits of the Revolution of 1911 were eventually stolen by Yuan Shikai, it overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, ended the feudal autocratic monarchy system for more than two thousand years, established a bourgeois republic, and achieved great success.

PPT about the melee between the Beiyang government and warlords, part five: practice

1. The sign that the Beiyang warlords began to rule China was ( )

A. Yuan Shikai takes office as interim president B. Sun Yat-sen announced his resignation

C. The responsible cabinet is established D. Puyi issued an edict announcing his abdication

2. After Yuan Shikai became the interim president, in order to consolidate his power, he took the following measures: ( )

① Move the provisional government to Beijing ② Promulgate the "Provisional Law of the Republic of China"

③ Appoint one of his cronies as Prime Minister of the Cabinet ④ Find ways to weaken the power of the revolutionaries

A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C． ①③④ D． ②③④

3. The following items are not included in the "Provisional Laws of the Republic of China" ()

A. The Republic of China exercises its power of governance through the Senate, interim president, state ministers, and courts.

B． The interim president and vice president are elected by representatives from each province

C. The Constitution of the Republic of China was enacted by the Congress

D. The President convenes the Legislative Yuan and announces the opening, suspension or closing of the meeting.

4． The fundamental reason why Yuan Shikai failed to restore the monarchy was ()

A. The national protection movement developed rapidly B. Imperialism gave up supporting Yuan Shikai

C. Internal divisions among the Beiyang warlords D. Treason and restoration are unpopular

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Update Time: 2024-11-07

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