"The Beginning of the Whole Nation's Anti-Japanese War" PPT courseware of the Chinese nation's Anti-Japanese War

"The Beginning of the Whole Nation's Anti-Japanese War" PPT courseware of the Chinese nation's Anti-Japanese War

1. July 7th Incident (Marco Bridge Incident)

1. Time: July 7, 1937

2. Location: Marco Polo Bridge, southwest of Peking

3. Overview: In the name of military exercises, the Japanese army launched a sudden attack on the Chinese garrison, and the Chinese army rose up to resist.

4. Impact: Marked the beginning of the Chinese nation’s war of resistance

Why is it said that the July 7th Incident marked the beginning of the Chinese nation's war of resistance?

Japan expanded from a partial invasion of China to a full-scale invasion of China; China transformed from a local war of resistance to a nationwide war of resistance. Chinese history entered the period of the Anti-Japanese War.

5. The national anti-war situation after the July 7th Incident

① Japan launched a large-scale attack and fully invaded China

②The entire Chinese nation unites and fights the national crisis together

2. The Second Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party

1. Advocacy of the Communist Party of China

The CCP’s anti-Japanese attitude:

1. The response was rapid, with the news reaching the whole country the next day;

2. Clear views: Calling for unity to resist Japan and pointing out that only the whole nation can resist the war can there be a way out.

2. Changes in the Kuomintang’s anti-Japanese attitude

Manifestations of changes: First, changes in speech and attitude

Chiang Kai-shek's Lushan Speech: Expressing resistance to Japanese aggression

Second, changes in military deployment

The Nationalist Government issued the "Declaration of Self-Defense and Anti-Japanese War", issued a general mobilization order, invested a large number of troops, and launched the Battle of Songhu.

3. The Kuomintang and the Communist Party reached an agreement

(1) On July 15, 1937, the CCP sent the "Declaration of Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party" to the Kuomintang

(2) August 22, 1937, the Red Army adapted

The Northwest Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was reorganized into: the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, referred to as the Eighth Route Army

The Red Army guerrillas in the eight southern provinces were reorganized into: the New Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, referred to as the New Fourth Army.

(3) On September 22, 1937, the Kuomintang promulgated the "Declaration of Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party", and the legal status of the Communist Party was recognized.

Inquiry: How to objectively and fairly evaluate the merits and demerits of the Kuomintang in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War?

In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang's anti-Japanese attitude was relatively hard-working. The Kuomintang troops undertook frontal battlefield combat tasks. In a series of battles such as the Battle of Songhu, they fought bravely against the Japanese invading forces, consuming a large amount of the enemy's effective forces and shattering Japan's aggressive plan to quickly destroy China.

From a military point of view, the Kuomintang troops basically retreated across the board. The main reasons are: 1. Objective factors: the enemy is strong and we are weak, and there is a huge disparity in strength; 2. Subjective factors: the Kuomintang government is one-sided in resisting the war, relying only on the government and the regular army, and failing to fully mobilize the people. .

The anti-Japanese achievements of the patriotic officers and soldiers of the Kuomintang army must be fully affirmed. They are also outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation.

3. Nanjing Massacre

1. Start time: December 13, 1937

2. Duration: 6 weeks

3. The massacred: Nanjing civilians and captured Chinese soldiers

4. Methods of massacre: mass shooting, burning, burial alive, beheading, biting by military dogs, etc.

5. Total number of people massacred: more than 300,000

There was once a saying that everyone remembers: Forgetting the past means betrayal. If we forget the national humiliation, we can even "make fun of the national humiliation". What does that mean to a nation? We must let the Chinese people understand: some things should never be forgotten, and the trauma of a nation should not be treated as child's play!

1. Studying and reviewing this period of history is by no means intended to incite the Chinese people’s revenge mentality. We should keep in mind that peace is hard-won.

2. As a Chinese, we must remember this painful history from generation to generation. "Never forget the past to be the teacher for the future." We must learn from it, be prepared for danger in times of peace, work hard, study and work hard, and contribute to the further development of our motherland. Contribute your due strength.

3. We must be highly vigilant against the rise of Japanese militarism, resolutely prevent the resurgence of Japanese fascist forces, and never allow the historical tragedy to repeat itself.

Class exercises

1. Fill in the blanks

On March ___, ____, the Japanese invading army launched a surprise attack on the Chinese garrison at Marco Polo Bridge, southwest of Peiping, in the name of military exercises. The Chinese defenders rose up to resist, and the nationwide Anti-Japanese War broke out. This is "______________".

2. Multiple choice questions

1. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident was the beginning of China’s all-out war of resistance. The most accurate understanding of this is

A. The Chinese army began to resist

B. The Nationalist Government formally declared war

C. Japan aims to invade and occupy all of China

D. Cause widespread resistance across the country

2. In December 1937, the Japanese army carried out the brutal Nanjing Massacre. The total number of Chinese residents who were massacred and the number of Chinese soldiers who laid down their arms was

A. More than 30,000 people B. Nearly 300,000 people

C. More than 300,000 people D. More than 1.3 million people

3. China’s national war of resistance began in ( )

A． September 18th Incident B． Xi'an Incident C． July 7th Incident D． Battle of Songhu

Chiang Kai-shek's anti-Japanese attitude became tougher.

Reasons for Chiang’s change of attitude:

1. Japan has fully invaded China, and the danger of national subjugation is imminent. If the Kuomintang regime continues to compromise and give in, it will surely lose the support of the people and be criticized by thousands of people.

2. Japan's attack on Shanghai and its approach to Nanjing has directly threatened the survival of the National Government and seriously damaged the interests of the Jiangsu-Zhejiang Consortium and Western countries such as Britain and the United States in China. Chiang Kai-shek had no room for concessions.

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