"Sulfur and Its Compounds" Important non-metallic elements in chemical production PPT (Lesson 3: Transformation of sulfur-containing substances in different valence states)

"Sulfur and Its Compounds" Important non-metallic elements in chemical production PPT (Lesson 3: Transformation of sulfur-containing substances in different valence states)

Part 1: Essential knowledge and foundation of literacy

The existence and transformation of sulfur in nature

1. Transformation between different valence states of sulfur in nature

【Situation·Thinking】

In ancient China, dilute sulfuric acid was called "green vitriol oil". Volume 9 of "Yellow Emperor's Jiuding Shendan Jingjue" records the "method of refining stone gallbladder to extract the essence", which is to obtain sulfuric acid by distilling stone gallbladder (gall vitriol). Green vitriol oil is a colorless, viscous liquid that can be used to remove rust from weapons. This process can be simulated in the laboratory: FeSO4·7H2O can be used to increase heat, a U-shaped tube with a mixture of ice and water can be used to condense, and NaOH can be used to absorb SO2. Theoretically, 29.5% H2SO4 can be obtained.

(1) How does the valence of sulfur change in the above process? Can you predict what iron-containing compounds are produced?

(2) Try to write the chemical equation of the reaction.

2. Mutual conversion between different valences of sulfur element

(1) The relationship between the valency and properties of sulfur

(2) Design experiments to achieve the conversion of sulfur-containing substances in different valence states

Write relevant chemical equations:

①_______________________________

②_______________________________

③____________________

④____________

⑤_______________

⑥____________________________

⑦Cu+2H2SO4(concentrated) CuSO4+2H2O+SO2↑

【Smart Judgment】

(1) The product of sulfur burning in excess, pure O2 is SO3. ()

Tip:×. The product of the reaction between sulfur and O2 is SO2 rather than SO3.

(2) Pour SO2 into hydrogen sulfuric acid. If yellow turbidity appears, it proves that SO2 is oxidizing. ()

Tips:√. When SO2 is passed into hydrogen sulfuric acid, a reaction occurs: SO2+2H2S====3S↓+2H2O, and SO2 exhibits oxidizing properties.

【Situation·Thinking】

During large-scale festivals, people often set off fireworks and firecrackers. But this will bring a lot of air pollution. In recent years, more and more cities have banned the setting off of fireworks and firecrackers all year round.

(1) The main reaction when setting off firecrackers is S+2KNO3+3C====K2S+3CO2↑+N2↑. What changes occur to S? What properties does it show?

Tip: During the reaction, the valence of S decreases, a reduction reaction occurs, and it shows oxidation.

(2) You will smell a strong pungent smell when setting off firecrackers. Do you know the reason?

Tip: When setting off firecrackers, S reacts with oxygen in the air to generate SO2 gas with a pungent smell.

Sulfur and its compounds PPT, part 2 content: key abilities and literacy formation

Knowledge point: Transformation of sulfur-containing substances in different valence states

[Key points to clarify doubts]

1. Transformation of common sulfur-containing substances

2. Conversion of sulfur compounds with different valence states

(1) Valence and properties

①-2-valent sulfur is in the lowest valence state, has only reducing properties, and can be oxidized to S by oxidants such as O2 and Cl2;

②0-valent and +4-valent sulfur are in the intermediate valence state and have both oxidizing and reducing properties;

③+6-valent sulfur is in the highest valence state and has only oxidizing properties.

(2) Valence change rules

When the valence of sulfur increases or decreases, it generally increases or decreases to its adjacent valence state, that is, a step-like increase or decrease, such as:

(3) Continuous oxidation of sulfur-containing substances

【Think·Discussion】

When SO2 gas is passed into BaCl2 solution, a white precipitate is produced. What is the composition of this precipitate? Please explain the reason.

Tip: The white precipitate is BaSO4. When SO2 gas is passed into the BaCl2 solution, it will not react directly with BaCl2. SO2 reacts with water to generate H2SO3, H2SO3 is oxidized by oxygen to H2SO4, and H2SO4 reacts with BaCl2 to generate BaSO4 precipitate.

【Case Demonstration】

[Typical example] Acid rain is called "tears from heaven" or "death in the air" and has great destructive power. At present, the main distribution areas of acid rain in my country are the Sichuan Basin south of the Yangtze River, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi and coastal Fujian, Guangdong and other places, accounting for 30% of my country's land area.

Analyze the data and answer the following questions:

(1)①What is the reason for the pH change of rainwater samples? (Scientific inquiry)

②How to use experiments to verify the reasons for the changes in ①? (Evidential reasoning)

③If the above-mentioned rainwater and tap water just sampled are mixed, how will the pH change? What is the reason? (Scientific inquiry)

(2) What are the ways to reduce the generation of acid rain? (Social Responsibility)

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Important non-metallic elements sulfur and its compounds in chemical production and the conversion of sulfur-containing substances in different valence states", please click on Important non-metallic elements in chemical production ppt sulfur and its compounds ppt sulfur-containing substances in different valence states The conversion ppt label.

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