"Sublimation and Sublimation" PPT Courseware on Changes in State of Matter 10

"Sublimation and Sublimation" PPT Courseware on Changes in State of Matter 10

sublimation

1. Definition: The direct change of a substance from a solid state to a gaseous state is called sublimation.

2. Features: heat absorption

What other sublimation phenomena can you name in life?

solid freshener

Emit a faint fragrance until all solid matter in the box disappears

Try your hand

Wet clothes become dry

Vaporization Water becomes water vapor Liquid becomes gas

Frozen clothes dry

Sublimation ice turns directly into water vapor

The solid state changes directly to the gaseous state

Note: Be sure to understand the initial state and final state of matter in the change of physical state, as well as the conditions during the change process. For example, the condition for sublimation is to absorb heat, and the condition for sublimation is to encounter cold.

Sublime

1. Definition: The direct change of matter from gaseous state to solid state is called sublimation.

2. Conditions: cold

3. Features: heat release

Why do old light bulbs turn black?

How is black material formed?

hint:

The filament is made of tungsten filament. When the lamp emits light, the temperature can reach more than 2000 degrees Celsius. The filament will become thinner after being used for a long time. Think about what physical changes may have occurred during the entire process of the light bulb turning black?

Summary: The reason why the light bulb turns black is that the tungsten filament first sublimates and then condenses.

Classroom testing

1. When doing the iodine sublimation experiment, use an alcohol lamp to heat it slightly, indicating that the solid must absorb heat when it sublimates. From this, it can be inferred that the gas must _______ when it sublimates.

2. Solid carbon dioxide can ___________ heat when it sublimates, so it is often used to _____ instruments during transportation to prevent food from rotting.

3. A layer of "white powder" appears on the packaging paper of the popsicles. This "white powder" is caused by the water vapor in the air.

4. Among the following phenomena, which one belongs to sublimation phenomenon ( )

A. The formation of dew B. The formation of rain.

C. The formation of frost D. The filament of the light bulb becomes smaller

5. Ice flowers sometimes appear on window glass in cold winter. Do you know how they are formed? Are the ice flowers on the inside of the glass or on the outside? Give your reasons.

Indicate what changes in the state of matter occur in the following phenomena?

(1) Molten iron is poured into an iron rod: __________;

(2) The sanitary balls placed in the box have become smaller: ________;

(3) Water pipes "sweat": ________;

(4) There are "ice flowers" on the glass windows in severe winter: ________;

(5) Popsicles emitted "white gas" when taken out of the refrigerator___________

(6) The formation of oil stains on the kitchen walls occurs first ______ and then _________

The phenomenon of changes in the state of matter can be seen everywhere throughout the year. Which of the following statements about these phenomena is correct?

A. Heavy fog often appears in spring mornings. This is a vaporization phenomenon that absorbs heat.

B． In summer, dry ice is used to cool food during transportation. This is the use of dry ice to melt and absorb heat.

C. The small dewdrops that appear on the flowers and grass in the autumn morning are liquefaction phenomena that absorb heat.

D． In the morning of early winter, a white layer of frost will appear on the ground. This is the phenomenon of condensation, which requires heat release.

Summary: six "threes"

1. Three states: ① solid state, ② liquid state, ③ gas state

2. Three endothermic processes: ① melting, ② vaporization, ③ sublimation

3. Three exothermic processes: ① solidification, ② liquefaction, ③ desublimation (two condensations and one liquid)

4. Three special (temperature) points:

①Melting point: the temperature at which the crystal melts;

②Freezing point: the temperature when the crystal solidifies:

③Boiling point: The temperature at which a liquid boils.

5. Three constant temperatures: ①The temperature when the crystal melts; ②The temperature when the crystal solidifies; ③The temperature when the liquid boils

6.Three conditions:

①Conditions for crystal melting: reach the melting point; continue to absorb heat; temperature remains unchanged.

②Conditions for crystal solidification: reaching the freezing point; continuing to release heat; and the temperature remains unchanged.

③Conditions for liquid boiling: reaching boiling point; continuing to absorb heat; temperature remains unchanged.

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