"Structure of Atom" PPT courseware on the mystery of matter composition

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"Structure of Atom" PPT courseware on the mystery of matter composition

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Can atoms be divided again?

What exactly do atoms look like?

Today, let’s take a tour of the world of atoms!

History of science - the exploration of atomic structure

In 1803, Dalton proposed that the smallest particle making up matter is an atom, and an atom is a solid sphere that cannot be further divided.

In 1897, Thomson discovered electrons inside atoms, and people finally abandoned the old idea that atoms were indivisible.

In 1911, Rutherford proved through precise experiments that there is a very small nucleus in the center of the atom, and electrons rotate around the nucleus at high speed.

How are atoms made up?

[Smart Reading] Combining the exploration process of atomic structure, reading book P53 discusses:

1. Are atoms solid spheres? What is the size of an atom?

An atom is not a solid sphere, it has a very small volume.

2. What parts are atoms made of?

Atoms are composed of a nucleus and electrons outside the nucleus.

3. What kinds of particles are the nucleus made of?

The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons.

4. How are the various particles in atoms charged?

Each proton carries one unit of positive charge, each electron carries one unit of negative charge, and neutrons have no charge.

5. What is nuclear charge? How does it relate to proton number?

The number of positive charges carried by the nucleus is the nuclear charge, which is equal to the number of protons.

2. The arrangement of electrons outside the nucleus

1. Hierarchical arrangement of electrons outside the nucleus

Features: Electrons outside the nucleus move in layers, and this layered movement is also called layered arrangement.

The arrangement of electrons outside the nucleus:

⑴The first layer can accommodate up to ___ electrons, and the second layer can accommodate up to ___ electrons.

(2) There are no more than ___ electrons in the outermost layer, and no more than ___ electrons in the first layer.

⑶Electrons first fill the ___ layer, then the ___ layer, fill the ___ layer, and then fill the ___ layer. (Arranged hierarchically in order from low to high energy)

2. Characteristics of extranuclear electron configuration:

(1). The maximum number of electrons that each layer can accommodate is 2n2;

(2) There are no more than 8 electrons in the outermost layer (except for the first layer, which does not exceed 2); the second outer layer can accommodate up to 18 electrons.

(3) The electron layers with lower energy are first filled up, and then the electron layers with gradually higher energy are placed in sequence.

3. Relative atomic mass (Ar)

The relative atomic mass is the ratio obtained by comparing the masses of other atoms with 1/12 of the mass of a carbon atom (1.66×10-27Kg).

(1) Relative atomic mass ________ The actual mass of an atom is a ratio.

(2) The greater the actual mass of an atom, the greater ____ its relative atomic mass value.

(3)The unit of relative atomic mass is: ___________.

(4)The unit of actual atomic mass is: ___________.

practice

1. Fill in the form:

2. The relative atomic mass of oxygen atom is ( )

A. 16g B. 16 C. 2.657×10-26kg D. 16kg

3. Recently, Russian scientists announced that they had synthesized a superheavy element atom with a nuclear charge of 114 and a relative atomic mass of 289 through nuclear reactions. The number of protons in the atom is ____, the number of neutrons is ____, and the number of electrons outside the nucleus is _ ___.

4. It is known that the mass of carbon 12 atom is m kilograms

1. The mass of the sulfur atom is n kilograms. What is the relative atomic mass of the sulfur atom?

2. The relative atomic mass of a certain atom is p. What is the actual mass of the atom?

Compare speed and accuracy

Among particles such as molecules, atoms, protons, neutrons, electrons, and nuclei, choose the appropriate answer and fill in the blanks.

(1) The smallest particles that can maintain the chemical properties of matter are: molecules and atoms

(2) The smallest particle in chemical changes is: atom

(3) Non-electric particles include: molecules, atoms, neutrons

(4) Positively charged particles include: protons and nuclei

(5) Negatively charged particles include: electrons

(6) The particles with the smallest mass are: electrons

(7) The particles that make up an atom include: nucleus (protons, neutrons), electrons

(8) The mass of atoms is mainly concentrated in: nucleus

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"Structure of Atom" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 6:

"Structure of Atoms" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 6 Review Questions 1. What are the definitions of molecules and atoms? 2. Characteristics of molecules and atoms? 3. What is the essence of chemical reaction? In a chemical reaction, molecules can be divided into atoms, but atoms cannot be divided further, so other methods can...

"Structure of Atom" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 5:

"The Structure of Atoms" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 5 Learning Objectives 1. Understand the structure of atoms and know the microscopic composition of atoms. 2. Understand the arrangement of electrons outside the nucleus and the formation process of ions. 3. Know the concept and calculation formula of relative atomic mass.

"Structure of Atom" The Mystery of Material Composition PPT Courseware 4:

"Structure of the Atom" The Mystery of the Composition of Matter PPT Courseware 4 Observe the table (Table 4-2) and think about the following questions: 1. What are the differences between different types of atoms? Different atoms have different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons. 2. All atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons..

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Update Time: 2024-09-08

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