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"Strengthening the Centralized System in the Ming Dynasty" Consolidation and Development of a Multi-ethnic Unified Country PPT Courseware 4
1. The establishment and system of the Ming Dynasty
reason:
(1) The dark rule of the Yuan Dynasty intensified various social conflicts, and the Red Turban Uprising broke out in 1351.
(2) Zhu Yuanzhang later joined the rebel army. He was resourceful and brave in combat. He became the leader of the rebel army. He defeated powerful opponents and established the Ming Dynasty.
Time: Early 1368
Capital: Yingtianfu (now Nanjing)
Founder: Zhu Yuanzhang (Taizu of Ming Dynasty)
The Mark of Destruction: Capture Dadu
Chapter Two: "Government by Centralization"
1. What measures did Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang take to strengthen his monarchy?
(Please summarize from three aspects: politics, justice, and ideology)
⑴ Political aspect: reform administrative institutions and strengthen monarchy
① At the local level, abolish the Zhongshu Province and set up three departments
②In the central government, the prime minister system was abolished and power was divided into six departments
⑵ Judicial aspects: ① Formulate and promulgate the "Da Ming Law" and "Da Gao" to improve the judicial system.
②Establish a secret service agency—Jinyiwei
⑶Ideology: implement imperial examinations and select scholars with stereotyped writing
History and reality: Connecting with reality, based on the legal knowledge you know, which rights of citizens do you think the spy agency Jinyiwei has violated? What impact has it had on society?
It violates people's rights to personal freedom, equality, political rights, reputation rights, etc.
Impact: ① The establishment of the spy agency Jinyiwei was conducive to the emperor's surveillance and investigation of his subjects, and strengthened the monarch's power. It played a certain role in maintaining centralization of power; ② However, this kind of spy rule made the subjects fearful all day long and obey orders in everything. Follow the steps and do not seek progress; ③At the same time, this approach also seriously damages the law and the judicial institutions cannot play their due role.
Collaborative exploration: Is "eight-legged writing" a good thing or a bad thing? How should we evaluate "eight-legged writing"?
①Positive impact: China is the first country in the world to adopt examination methods to select officials, and it serves as a model for the official system in Western Europe. It enabled small and medium-sized landowners to rely on their talents and knowledge to enter the ruling class through the imperial examination, expanded the basis of rule, and stabilized the social situation. It was a perfect official selection system in feudal society and promoted the development of educational and cultural undertakings.
(The eight-part essay examination system increases the objectivity of the examination standards and is an important development towards standardization and normalization of the examination. It has a certain reference effect on future examination systems.)
② Negative effect: It has a constraining effect on people’s thoughts, stifling the creative thinking of intellectuals, causing them to devote themselves to studying the Four Books and Five Classics, and being divorced from reality. In particular, it suppresses the development of science and technology, preventing traditional Chinese science and technology from developing into modern science. technology. The most serious thing is that in modern times, it continues to hinder intellectuals from opening their eyes to the world and being incompatible with Western culture. This is the cultural factor that causes China to lag behind the West.
Expand and extend
The factory guard housed prisons and courts, and used torture methods such as skinning, cramping, and stabbing the hearts of prisoners, resulting in a large number of unjust cases. It is rare in the feudal history of our country to use this kind of special spy agency to use extremely cruel torture to strengthen centralized power.
The establishment of the factory guard spy agency was a manifestation of the unprecedented strengthening of the Ming Dynasty's monarchy.
Built during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, it was the main gate at the southern end of the old imperial city. It was called Chengtian Gate at that time. Later, after reconstruction in the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed Tiananmen Square.
Class exercises:
1. If you are a local official in the Ming Dynasty and you want to go to Beijing to see Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, you should go ( )
A. Nanjing B. Beijing C. Xi'an D. Luoyang
2. The prime minister system in China was abolished ( )
A. Yuan Dynasty B. Ming Dynasty C. Qing Dynasty D. Song Dynasty
3. The harm caused by the stereotyped writing of scholars in the Ming Dynasty included ( )
① Hindered the development of China's science and technology ② Hindered the progress of China's ideology and culture ③ Most of the officials who passed the examination became loyal servants of the emperor ④ Increased the objectivity of the examination standards
A, ① ② ③ B, ② ③ ④ C, ① ② ④ D, ① ② ③ ④
4. The secret service established by Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty is ( )
A. Dongchang B. Xichang C. Jinyiwei D. Cabinet
5. The ancient city of Beijing we see now was built by which of the following emperors ( )
A. Zhu Yuanzhang B. Zhu Di C. Emperor Jianwen D. Emperor Chongzhen
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"Strengthening the Centralization System in the Ming Dynasty" PPT courseware on the consolidation and development of a unified multi-ethnic country:
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