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"Specific Heat Capacity" Content Energy PPT Courseware 4
experience:
1. When boiling water, what is the relationship between the heat absorbed by the water and the quality of the water? What does it have to do with how much the water temperature rises? Use phenomena you observe in your life to support your point of view.
The greater the mass of water, the more its temperature rises and the more heat it absorbs.
Experience in life:
1. Boil a pot of water and a half pot of water. Which one absorbs more heat?
2. When a pot of 20 ℃ water is heated to 50 ℃ or heated to 100 ℃, which one absorbs more heat?
in conclusion:
The greater the mass of water, the more its temperature rises and the more heat it absorbs.
design experiment
1. How to increase the temperature of water and kerosene?
2. To study the ability of different substances to absorb heat, factors to be controlled:
Same quality
The heater should be the same
The heating time is the same
3. Which method do you plan to use to verify your conjecture?
Option 1: Take equal masses of water and kerosene, heat them for the same time (equal heat absorption), and compare the temperature changes.
Option 2: Take equal masses of water and kerosene, raise them to the same temperature, and compare the heating time (the amount of heat absorbed).
1. Definition and symbol of specific heat capacity
The ratio of the heat absorbed by a certain mass of a substance when its temperature rises to the product of its mass and the rising temperature is called the specific heat capacity of the substance.
The amount of heat released when the temperature of a unit mass of a certain substance decreases by 1°C is equal to the heat absorbed when its temperature increases by 1°C.
2. Unit of specific heat capacity:
Joules/(kg·℃)
Read as "Joules per kilogram Celsius".
The specific heat capacity of water is 4.2×103J/(kg·℃)
Express: the heat absorbed (or released) by 1kg of water when the temperature increases (decreases) by 1°C is 4.2×103J
3. Specific heat capacity is a characteristic of a substance
If the substance remains unchanged, the specific heat capacity remains unchanged; if the substance is different, the specific heat capacity will generally be different.
4.The essence of specific heat capacity
(1) Reflects the ability of a substance to absorb and release heat;
The greater the specific heat capacity, the stronger the ability to absorb or release heat.
(2) The sensitivity of a substance to hot and cold reactions;
The smaller the specific heat capacity, the more sensitive it is to heat and cold.
basic knowledge
1. Which of the following statements is correct ( )
A. The higher the temperature of the object, the greater the specific heat capacity.
B. The greater the mass of the object, the smaller the specific heat capacity.
C. The more heat an object absorbs, the greater its specific heat capacity.
D. The specific heat capacity of a substance has nothing to do with the mass of the object, the amount of temperature change, or the amount of heat absorbed by the object.
2. The specific heat capacity of the following substances changes ( )
A. Pour out half the glass of water
B. Water freezes into ice
C. 0℃ water turns into 4℃ water
D. File the iron block into iron balls
3. Which of the following statements is correct ( )
A. If half of a cup of kerosene is used, its specific heat capacity will be reduced to half of its original value.
B. A substance that absorbs more heat must have a greater specific heat.
C. High-temperature objects must release a lot of heat
D. Water and kerosene of equal mass absorb the same amount of heat. The temperature of kerosene rises greater than that of water.
Improve ability
1. At the seaside in summer, the temperature difference between day and night is small and the climate is pleasant. This is due to the large specific heat capacity of water. Which of the following phenomena does not reflect this characteristic of water ()
A. The cooling circulation system of automobile engines often uses water as the working substance.
B． In the hot summer, water is often sprinkled on the classroom floor
C. In northern winter, heating equipment uses water as the working substance.
D. On a spring evening in the north, farmers pour water into the rice fields to prevent the seedlings from freezing.
2. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.2×103J/(kg·℃). To raise water with a mass of 4kg from 20℃ to 50℃ requires absorbing _______J heat. If half of the water is poured out, its specific heat capacity will be _______J/(kg·℃)
3. To heat 2.5kg of water with an initial temperature of 20℃ to 80℃, at least ___________J heat must be absorbed.
[The specific heat capacity of water is 4.2×103J/(kg·℃)]
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