"Specific Heat Capacity" Content PPT (Specific Heat Capacity in Lesson 1)

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"Specific Heat Capacity" Content PPT (Specific Heat Capacity in Lesson 1)

Part One: Knowledge Management

Specific heat capacity

Exploration: The amount of heat absorbed by a substance is related to ________, ______________, and ________. The controlled variable method should be used when exploring.

Definition: The ratio of the heat absorbed by a certain mass of a substance when its temperature rises to the product of its mass and the rising temperature is called the specific heat capacity of the substance. The symbol is c and the unit is J/(kg·℃) .

Note: Specific heat capacity is a property of the substance itself. Different substances generally have different specific heat capacities. The specific heat capacity of a substance is fixed and does not change with the increase or decrease in the amount of heat absorbed or released by the object, its mass, or temperature, but it is related to the state of the substance.

Application: Water has a large specific heat capacity, and water is often used to adjust temperature, provide heating, serve as a coolant, dissipate heat, etc.

Specific heat capacity PPT, part 2 content: classification and exploration

Type One: Understanding Specific Heat Capacity

[2017•Zigong, Sichuan] Regarding the specific heat capacity of a substance, which of the following statements is correct ( )

A. Specific heat capacity is a property of a substance and is only related to the type of substance.

B． The greater the mass of the same substance, the greater the specific heat capacity

C. Because water has a larger specific heat capacity, it is more suitable as a coolant.

D. When the state of a substance changes, its specific heat capacity generally remains unchanged.

[Analysis] The specific heat capacity is related to the type and state of the substance, so A is wrong; the specific heat capacity is an attribute of the substance and has nothing to do with the mass of the object, so B is wrong; the specific heat capacity of water is larger, and compared with other substances, it lowers the same temperature. It absorbs a lot of heat, so car radiators often use water as the coolant, so C is correct; the specific heat capacity is related to the type and state of the substance. Different types and states will generally have different specific heat capacities, so D is wrong. Choose C.

[Enlightenment] Specific heat capacity is a property of matter, which is determined by the type and state of matter. Different substances generally have different specific heat capacities. If the state of the same substance changes, the specific heat capacity will also change.

[Summary of rules] The specific heat capacity of a substance is an attribute of the substance itself and has nothing to do with mass, temperature, or shape. When the state of the same substance changes, the specific heat capacity also changes. For example, when water condenses into ice, the state of matter changes and the specific heat capacity changes accordingly.

Type 2: Information questions related to specific heat capacity

[2017•Wuxi, Jiangsu]Use the device as shown in the figure to heat water and kerosene with the same initial temperature and mass, and compare the specific heat capacities of the two liquids. Many experiments have shown that in order for water and kerosene to rise to the same temperature, the water needs to be heated longer. Which of the following errors regarding the operation and analysis of this experiment is ( )

A. Water has a greater specific heat capacity than kerosene

B． When heating, use a glass rod to stir continuously to ensure that the water and kerosene are heated evenly.

C. You can not use a thermometer in the experiment, let the water and kerosene boil and then compare the heating times.

D. If the same mass of water and kerosene absorb the same amount of heat, the temperature of kerosene will be higher than that of water.

[Analysis] Different substances of the same mass absorb the same heat. When comparing the changes in temperature, the one with a large temperature change has a weak heat absorption capacity and a small specific heat capacity. The specific heat capacity of water is greater than that of kerosene, so A is correct; the role of the glass rod in the experiment is to heat the liquid evenly, so B is correct; water and kerosene have different boiling points and different heating times, so the specific heat capacities cannot be compared, so C is wrong; Since the specific heat capacity of kerosene is small, according to Δt=Qcm, water and kerosene with the same mass absorb the same heat, and the temperature of kerosene rises more than that of water, so D is correct. Choose C.

[Impression] This question examines the application of the controlled variable method, the role of the stirrer, and the method of comparing heat absorption capabilities. It is an important experiment in thermal science.

Type 3: Use specific heat capacity to explain natural phenomena and problems in life

[2016•Shaoyang, Hunan]In the scorching summer, the sand on the beach is so hot that it burns your feet during the day, but the sea water is very cool; in the evening, the sand cools quickly, but the sea water is still warm. Under the same sunlight conditions, the reason why the temperatures of sand and sea water are different is ( )

A. Sand is denser than sea water

B． The specific heat capacity of sand is greater than the specific heat capacity of sea water

C. The specific heat capacity of sand is smaller than the specific heat capacity of sea water

D. Sand has less mass than sea water

[Analysis] The specific heat capacity of seawater is greater than that of sand. Therefore, when seawater and sand of the same mass absorb the same heat, the temperature of the sand is higher and the temperature of the seawater is lower, so C is consistent with the meaning of the question.

Specific heat capacity PPT, the third part: in-person evaluation

1. (Corresponding example 1)[2017•Chengdu, Sichuan]Xiao Ming drew four conclusions based on the data provided in the table below, of which the correct one is ( )

A. The specific heat capacity of a liquid must be greater than the specific heat capacity of a solid.

B． After the physical state of the same substance changes, the specific heat capacity remains unchanged

C. Due to the large specific heat capacity of water, the temperature of seawater during the day is higher than that of the beach

D. When the temperature of 2 kg of water increases by 50°C, the heat absorbed is 4.2×105 J

2. (Corresponding Example 2)[2016•Yunnan Yuxi Yimou]Two identical containers are filled with two liquids of the same quality, and are heated separately with the same heat source. The relationship between the liquid temperature and the heating time is as shown in the figure . It can be seen from the image ( )

A. The specific heat capacity of liquid A is greater than the specific heat capacity of liquid B

B． Both liquids absorb the same amount of heat if they raise the same temperature

C. The heating time is the same. The heat absorbed by liquid A is greater than the heat absorbed by liquid B.

D. For the same heating time, the temperature of liquid A rises much more than the temperature of liquid B.

3. (Corresponding Example 3)[2017•Yichang, Hubei Province]Which of the following examples does not take advantage of the large specific heat capacity of water ( )

A. Sprinkling water on the ground will make you feel cool in summer

B． The "heating" in northern buildings uses water as a medium

C. The temperature difference between day and night at the beach is smaller than in the desert

D. The high proportion of water in the body of an organism helps regulate its own temperature

Specific heat capacity PPT, part 4: layered operation

1. (Corresponding Example 3)[2016•Sichuan Suining Simulation]The temperature difference between day and night in coastal areas is small, while in the inland Jiayuguan area, the temperature difference between day and night is large. There is even a phenomenon of "wearing cotton-padded jackets in the morning and wearing yarn in the afternoon and eating around the stove" Watermelon" phenomenon, this is mainly because ( )

A. The specific heat capacity of sea water is large, and the specific heat capacity of sand and gravel is small.

B． The density of sea water is small, and the density of sand and gravel is high.

C. Sea water has more internal energy, while sand and gravel have less internal energy.

D. Sea water absorbs less heat, while sand and gravel absorb more heat.

2. (Corresponding Example 2)[2017·Guangxi Nanning Three Models]As shown in the experiment to explore the "heat absorption capabilities of different materials", the equipment used by the students included: electric heaters of the same specifications, glass Cup, thermometer, initial temperature and quality of water and cooking oil. Regarding the experiment, which of the following statements is correct ( )

A. The amount of heat an object absorbs is determined by its material type

B． Edible oil absorbs heat and heats up quickly, indicating that edible oil has strong heat-absorbing ability.

C. For the same heating time, the slow temperature rise of water indicates that the water has strong heat absorption ability.

D. When cooking oil and water are heated to the same temperature, they absorb the same amount of heat

3. (Corresponding Example 1)[2016•Sichuan Chengdu Yimo]The specific heat capacity will change under the following circumstances: ( )

A. Pour half of the glass of water

B． water condenses into ice

C. A piece of iron processed into iron filings

D. Water at 15°C becomes water at 45°C

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Update Time: 2024-11-17

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