"Solubility" Solution PPT Courseware 8

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"Solubility" Solution PPT Courseware 8

1. Solubility of substances

The ability of one substance to dissolve in another substance is usually called solubility.

The degree of solubility is related to the properties of the solute and solvent:

Different substances have different solubilities in the same solvent;

The solubility of the same substance in different solvents is also different.

2. Solubility of solids

1. Definition:

At a certain temperature, the mass of a solid substance dissolved when it reaches saturation in 100 grams of solvent is called the solubility of this substance in this solvent.

Four elements of solid solubility:

Condition: certain temperature

Standard: 100 grams of solvent (generally refers to water)

Solution state: saturated state

Unit: mass (gram)

Example: The solubility of sucrose at 20°C is 203.9g.

At 20°C, up to 203.9g of sucrose can be dissolved in 100g of water.

At 20°C, 203.9g of sucrose is dissolved in 100g of water, and the solution reaches saturation.

Trial test

1. At 20°C, 36g of sodium chloride solution dissolved in 100g of water reaches saturation, then the solubility of sodium chloride at 20°C is ____g.

2. At 0°C, 100g of water can dissolve up to 13.3g of potassium nitrate, so the solubility of potassium nitrate at 0°C is ____g.

3. The solubility of potassium nitrate at 20°C is 31.6g. What does this sentence mean? Substitute their relationships into the following table:

Preliminary exercises:

1. Insoluble matter is a substance that is absolutely insoluble in water. Is this correct?

2. The solubility of calcium carbonate is 0.0013g at 20°C, so calcium carbonate is a ___ soluble substance.

3. The solubility of sodium chloride is 36g at 20℃, then sodium chloride belongs to ( )

A. Easily soluble substances B. Soluble substances C. Slightly soluble substances D. Insoluble substances

Solubility curve of solid:

practise:

1. What does the intersection of the abscissa 60 and the ordinate 110 mean?

2. The solubility of ammonium chloride at 40℃ is ______, and the solubility of ammonium chloride at 70℃ is ______. The solubility of potassium chloride at 70°C is ____.

3. The solubilities of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate are the same at ___℃, both are about ______.

4. At 40°C, the solubility of potassium nitrate ____ (fill in greater than or less than) the solubility of sodium nitrate.

5. At 80°C, the solubility of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride and boric acid in descending order is_________________________.

3. Gas solubility

1. Factors affecting gas solubility:

Gas solubility generally increases as pressure increases and decreases as pressure decreases.

Gas solubility generally decreases as temperature increases and increases as temperature decreases.

2. Gas solubility definition:

Generally speaking, gas solubility refers to the gas volume when the gas is dissolved in 1 volume of water and reaches saturation at a certain temperature and a pressure of 101KPa.

Think about it:

What does it mean that the solubility of oxygen is 0.049 at 0°C?

At 0°C and the oxygen pressure is 101kPa, 1 volume of water can dissolve up to 0.049 volumes of oxygen.

What is the difference between expressing solid solubility and gas solubility?

(1) The amount of solvent is different: solid solubility refers to 100g of solvent, and gas solubility refers to 1 volume of water;

(2) Different influences: solid solubility is only affected by temperature, while gas solubility is affected by temperature and pressure;

(3) The units are different: the unit of solid solubility is "g", and the unit of gas solubility is volume.

Selected Exercises

1. Methods to increase the solubility of carbon dioxide in water ( )

A. Temperature increase and pressure increase B. Temperature increase and pressure decrease;

C. Cooling and pressurizing D. Cooling and reducing pressure.

2. The solubility of the following substances ① Potassium nitrate ② Hydrated lime ③ Oxygen ④ Carbon dioxide increases with the increase of temperature ( )

A.①② B.③④ C.①③④ D. Only ①

3. The solubility of a substance increases as temperature increases. There is a bottle of saturated solution of the substance at room temperature. To turn it into an unsaturated solution while keeping the quality of the solvent unchanged, the method that can be used is _____.

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Update Time: 2024-10-13

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Beijing Curriculum Reform Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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