"Solubility" Solution PPT Courseware 3

"Solubility" Solution PPT Courseware 3

Prerequisite assessment:

Write the chemical formula of the solute in the following solution:

1. Salt water 2. Hydrochloric acid_______;

3. Lime water 4. Dilute sulfuric acid_______;

5. Alcohol solution_______.

1. Put a small amount of each of the following substances into water, and the solution that can be formed after sufficient shaking is ( )

A. Glucose B. Flour

C. Peanut oil D. Ice cubes

2. When the following substances are dissolved in water, the temperature of the solution will increase significantly ( ), and the temperature of the solution will decrease significantly ( ).

A. sucrose B. salt

C. Ammonium nitrate D. Sodium hydroxide

3. There is a bottle of dilute sulfuric acid for batteries. Take a small amount from the upper part and measure the density to be 1.2g/cm3. If you take a small amount from the bottom and measure the density, the measured density value of the dilute sulfuric acid at the bottom is ( )

A. Greater than 1.2/cm3 B. Less than 1.2/cm3

C. Equal to 1.2/cm3 D. Unable to determine

1) Saturated solution: A solution obtained by adding a certain solute to a certain amount of solvent at a certain temperature and when the solute cannot continue to dissolve.

2) Unsaturated solution: a solution that can continue to dissolve

3) Reminder: The "saturated" and "unsaturated" of a solution are meaningful only if "in a certain amount of solvent" and "at a certain temperature" are specified.

Consolidation exercises

1. Which of the following statements about saturated solutions is incorrect ( )

A. When the temperature remains unchanged, a saturated solution of KNO3 can no longer dissolve KNO3

B. When the temperature rises, the saturated solution must continue to dissolve solutes

C. A dilute solution must be an unsaturated solution, and a concentrated solution must be a saturated solution.

D. Changing the temperature can turn an unsaturated solution into a saturated solution

2. An extracurricular group needs a certain concentration of KNO3 solution for an experiment. How to make the KNO3 solid dissolve in water quickly? Give reasons.

Suggestion 1: Heating when dissolving will speed up the diffusion of particles and speed up the dissolution.

Suggestion 2: Stir continuously during dissolution to speed up the movement of particles and quickly diffuse into the solvent.

Suggestion 3: Grind the solid before dissolving to increase the contact area between the solid and water to speed up the dissolution.

3. At room temperature, add 10 grams of sodium chloride solid to a certain mass of sodium chloride solution. After thorough stirring, some of the solid remains undissolved. After adding 10 grams of water, all the solids are dissolved. Which of the following is correct ( )

A. It must be a saturated solution before adding water

B. It may be a saturated solution before adding water

C. After adding water, it must be a saturated solution

D. After adding water, it must be an unsaturated solution

Key points to learn about the solubility of solids:

Five key points to understand about solubility:

①Conditions: At a certain temperature

②Standard: 100g solvent

③State: reaching saturation state

④Unit: Dissolved mass, unit is grams

"Hundred grams of constant temperature agent, saturation unit grams"

gas solubility

1. Concept: When the pressure is 101KPa and a certain temperature, the volume of gas when the gas is dissolved in 1 volume of water reaches saturation.

2. The solubility of gas is affected by pressure and temperature

The greater the pressure, the greater the solubility of the gas

For example: when making soda water, increase the pressure to dissolve more carbon dioxide in the water.

The higher the temperature, the lower the solubility of the gas

For example: when boiling water, there are many bubbles coming out

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