"Solubility of Substances" Dissolution of Substances PPT Courseware

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"Solubility of Substances" Dissolution of Substances PPT Courseware

1. Solubility of substances

Concept: The _____ of one substance (solute) dissolved in another substance (solvent) is called solubility.

Explore: Factors affecting the solubility of substances

Experiment 1

Weigh 1g each of salt and chalk dust and add it to two test tubes respectively. Use a graduated cylinder to measure 5ml of water each and add it. Shake for a while and observe the dissolution of the substances.

Conclusion ①: The solubility of ________ substances in the same solvent is ________;

Experiment 2

Take two test tubes, drop a small amount of edible oil into each, add a small amount of water to one, add a small amount of gasoline to the other, shake for a while, and observe the dissolution of the substance.

Conclusion ②: The solubility of the same substance in ________ solvent is ________;

Experiment 3

Weigh 3g of potassium nitrate (KNO3) into a test tube, add 5ml of water, and shake thoroughly. Can it be completely dissolved? If it is not completely dissolved, heat the test tube and observe the experimental phenomenon.

Conclusion ③: The solubility of the same substance in the same solvent is related to ________.

2. Solubility

1. Solid solubility

Under ________, the mass of a solid substance dissolved when it reaches the ________ state in ________.

Example: True or False:

1. A maximum of 38g of sodium chloride can be dissolved in 100g of water, so the solubility of sodium chloride in water is 38g. ( )

2. At 10°C, up to 140g of ammonium nitrate can be dissolved in the water in the beaker, so the solubility of ammonium nitrate in water is 140g. ( )

3. At 60°C, 75g of potassium nitrate is dissolved in 100g of water, so the solubility of potassium nitrate at 60°C is 75g. ( )

4. At 60°C, 100g of water can dissolve up to 124g of potassium nitrate, so the solubility of potassium nitrate at this temperature is 124. ( )

practise:

1. At 20°C, 36g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 100g of water to reach saturation. Then the solubility of sodium chloride at 20°C is ____g.

2. The solubility of potassium nitrate at 0°C is 13.3g. Then at 0°C, 200g of water can dissolve up to ____g of potassium nitrate.

3. The solubility of sodium chloride at 20°C is 36g. Then at 20°C, up to ____g of sodium chloride can be dissolved in 10g of water.

4. At 20°C, the solubility of sodium chloride is 36 grams. Then at 20°C, dissolve 20 grams of sodium chloride in 50 grams of water, and the mass of the sodium chloride solution obtained is ____g.

practise:

1. Insoluble matter is a substance that is absolutely insoluble in water. Is this correct?

2. The solubility of calcium carbonate is 0.0013g at 20°C, so calcium carbonate is a ___ soluble substance.

3. The solubility of sodium chloride is 36g at 20℃, then sodium chloride belongs to ( )

A. Easily soluble substances B. Soluble substances C. Slightly soluble substances D. Insoluble substances

3. Solubility curve

【think】

1. What factors affect the solubility of solid substances?

2. What factors affect the solubility of the same substance in water?

The solubility of the same substance in water changes with temperature, and this changing relationship can be expressed by the solubility curve of the substance.

Discussion: The solubility of solid substances is affected by temperature changes:

The solubility of most solid substances increases with temperature, such as potassium nitrate, etc.

The solubility of a few solid substances is not greatly affected by temperature, such as table salt.

The solubility of very few solid substances decreases with increasing temperature, such as hydrated lime.

practise:

1. What does the intersection of the abscissa 60 and the ordinate 110 mean?

2. Compare the solubility of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate

At 680C, the solubilities of NaNO3 and KNO3 are equal

When the temperature is greater than 680C, the solubility of KNO3 is greater than NaNO3

When the temperature is less than 680C, the solubility of NaNO3 is greater than that of KNO3

3. The solubilities of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate are the same at ___℃, both are about ______.

4. At 40°C, the solubility of potassium nitrate ____ (fill in greater than or less than) the solubility of sodium nitrate.

5. At 80°C, the solubility of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride and boric acid in descending order is _______________.

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"Changes in the Solubility of Substances" Dissolution of Substances PPT Courseware:

"Changes in the Solubility of Substances" Dissolution of Substances PPT Courseware Observation and Thinking Experiment 1. Heat two test tubes containing saturated solutions of potassium nitrate and salt (both with a certain amount of dissolved solids at the bottom) on the flame of an alcohol lamp. Observe the phenomenon; stop heating..

"Solubility of Substances" Dissolution of Substances PPT Courseware 2:

"Solubility of Substances" Dissolution of Substances PPT Courseware 2 The solubility of the same substance in different solvents is very different. Salt is soluble in water, but almost insoluble in benzene; Ether is easily soluble in benzene and slightly soluble in water; Oil on clothes in daily life Traces are easily soluble in gasoline but not in water; AgCl..

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Update Time: 2024-10-31

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