"Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate flame color test" Sodium and its compounds PPT

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"Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate flame color test" Sodium and its compounds PPT

Part 1: Essential knowledge and foundation of literacy

1. Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate

1.Physical properties

[Micro Thoughts] What will happen when excess CO2 is passed into a saturated Na2CO3 solution?

Tip: White crystals precipitate. ① The reaction consumes solvent water, ② the mass of NaHCO3 produced is greater than that of Na2CO3, ③ the solubility of NaHCO3 is smaller than that of Na2CO3, so when CO2 is introduced into the saturated Na2CO3 solution, NaHCO3 crystals precipitate.

2. Chemical properties

(1) Properties of Na2CO3

(2) Properties of NaHCO3

3.Main purpose

(1) Sodium carbonate: used in papermaking, glassmaking, soapmaking, textiles, etc.

(2) Sodium bicarbonate: used in fermentation, pharmaceuticals, fire extinguishing agents, etc.

【Situation·Thinking】

Bread is soft and delicious, and is loved by people. Such a delicious food cannot be separated from one ingredient - baking powder. Baking powder is mainly used in the production of flour products and puffed foods. The main ingredients of baking powder are sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid.

Please analyze the role of sodium bicarbonate in bread making? What is the principle of chemical reaction?

Tip: After baking powder is dissolved in water, sodium bicarbonate reacts with tartaric acid and acidic substances contained in food to generate water and carbon dioxide gas. Carbon dioxide can fluff up food.

【Smart Judgment】

(1) Soda is one of the main ingredients of bread baking powder. ()

Tip:×. One of the main ingredients in baking powder is baking soda - sodium bicarbonate.

(2) Both Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 can react with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions. ()

Tip:×. NaHCO3 can react with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution, while Na2CO3 can only react with hydrochloric acid and not with sodium hydroxide solution.

(3) The method to determine whether Na2CO3 is mixed in the NaCl solution is to take a small amount of the solution and add CaCl2 solution dropwise and observe whether white turbidity appears. ()

Tips:√. Na2CO3 reacts with CaCl2 to form white precipitate CaCO3.

2. Flame color test

1. Definition: Certain metals or their compounds will cause the flame to show a special color when burning.

2. Operation steps "Five-Character Technique"

3. Flame colors of several metals

Na: ___ color, K: ___ color (through blue cobalt glass when observed).

4.Application

Flame color test is commonly used in chemistry.

[Smart Judgment] (1) When the white powder is burned, the flame turns yellow, which proves that there is Na+ and no K+ in the original powder. ()

Tip:×. During the flame color test, the yellow light of sodium will interfere with the purple of potassium. Blue cobalt glass can be used to filter out the yellow light of sodium.

(2) Flame color test refers to the special color of the flame when the metal is heated and burned, which is the chemical property of the substance. ()

Tip:×. Flame color test is a physical property of elements.

Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate flame color test PPT, part 2 content: key capabilities and literacy formation

Knowledge points: Identification, mutual conversion and impurity removal of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate

[Key points to clarify doubts]

1. Determine the category, use accurate properties, and break through the identification of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3

(1) Taking advantage of different thermal stability

①Identification method

②Commonly used devices

(2) Utilize the different rates of gas generated by the reaction with acid (under the same conditions)

2. Mutual transformation

Na2CO3 NaHCO3

(1)Na2CO3 solution→NaHCO3 solution.

Na2CO3+H2O+CO2====2NaHCO3.

(2)NaHCO3→Na2CO3.

①2NaHCO3 Na2CO3+H2O+CO2↑(solid substance);

②NaHCO3+NaOH====Na2CO3+H2O (in solution).

3. Removal of impurities

[Knowledge Expansion] Testing Na2CO3 and dilute hydrochloric acid by mutual drop method

The mutual dropping method means that when two solutions react, there are two different reaction processes, and the experimental phenomena of the two processes are different. They can be identified by using different dropping orders and using different phenomena.

【Think·Discussion】

(1) When CaCl2 solutions of the same concentration are added dropwise to dilute solutions of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, are the experimental phenomena the same? What is the reason?

Hint: Not the same. A white precipitate is formed in Na2CO3, and the reaction is Na2CO3+CaCl2====CaCO3↓+2NaCl.

(2) There is a small amount of sodium carbonate mixed in the sodium bicarbonate solution. Can it be removed by adding hydrochloric acid dropwise to the solution? What is the best way?

Tip: It cannot be removed by dropping hydrochloric acid, because both substances can react with hydrochloric acid, and the amount of hydrochloric acid added cannot be controlled; sufficient CO2 gas can be introduced into the solution to react Na2CO3+CO2+H2O==== 2NaHCO3, thereby achieving the purpose of removing impurities.

Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate flame color test PPT, the third part of the content: knowledge connection·literacy application

【Core Integration】

1. Interconversion between sodium and its compounds

2. Example application

(1)Sodium eventually forms ______ in the air.

(2) The ionic equation for Na2O2 dissolving in water to produce O2 is:

____________________________.

(3) Use a double line bridge to analyze the direction and direction of electron transfer in the reaction between Na2O2 and water.

number:_________________________.

(4) The ratio of the number of anions and cations in Na2O2 and Na2O is _____.

(5) Write the following impurity removal equation, which is the ionic equation for ionic reaction.

①Na2CO3 solution (NaHCO3):_________________________.

②NaHCO3 solution (Na2CO3):___________________________.

(6) Commonly used substances to identify Na2CO3 solution and NaHCO3 solution: _____, _____, _____, etc.

【Literacy transfer】

1. On March 21, 2019, a particularly major explosion occurred in a chemical company. After the accident, relevant personnel of the company promptly dealt with the remaining hazardous chemicals and pollutants, strengthened environmental monitoring of air, soil, drinking water sources and other sources to prevent secondary explosions. ACCIDENT. Sodium combustion can also cause accidents. Which of the following phenomena or properties can reflect the physical properties of sodium is ()

① When sodium burns, it emits a yellow flame. ② When sodium burns, it generates sodium peroxide.

③ Low melting point ④ Lower density than water ⑤ Good conductor of heat and electricity ⑥ Sodium has strong reducing properties

A.①③④⑤⑥ B.①②③④⑤

C.②③④⑤ D.①③④⑤

[Analysis] Choose D. ① When sodium burns, it emits a yellow flame, which is the flame color test of sodium, and is a physical property; ② When sodium burns, it generates sodium peroxide, and a new substance is formed, which is a chemical property; ③ The melting point is low, and it is a physical property; ④ The density is higher than that of water Small, which is a physical property; ⑤ It is a good conductor of heat and electricity, which is a physical property; ⑥ Sodium has strong reducing properties and loses electrons during the reaction, which is a chemical property.

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Update Time: 2024-09-11

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