"Socialist Revolution and Construction under Lenin" The Rapidly Turbulent Modern World PPT Courseware 2

"Socialist Revolution and Construction under Lenin" The Rapidly Turbulent Modern World PPT Courseware 2

february revolution

Time: March 1917

Result: The tsarist autocratic rule was overthrown and two regimes coexisted.

(Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies and the Provisional Government of the Bourgeoisie)

Nature: bourgeois democratic revolution

The policies of the bourgeois provisional government:

continue the war

Reject the 8-hour working day

No land reform

People demand:

Withdraw from the war

Want land, want bread

Armed Uprising in Petrograd (October Revolution)

Time: November 1917

Leader: Lenin

Headquarters: Smolny Palace

Result: Overthrow the bourgeois provisional government and establish a socialist state

Main features: Riots in central cities, armed seizure of power

Nature: Socialist revolution (proletarian revolution)

Establishing the Government: People's Committee

Thinking: Try to compare the ways in which the Russian Revolution and the Chinese Revolution achieved victory?

Russia: It adopted riots in central cities and seized power with arms.

China: It adopts rural areas to surround cities and seize power with armed force;

It can be seen that Marxism-Leninism has been flexibly applied in China. Therefore, when we learn and deal with things, we must also pay attention to the flexible application of knowledge and methods, rather than copying them mechanically.

The historical significance of the October Revolution

Created the world's first country with the dictatorship of the proletariat (socialist country)

It was the first victorious proletarian revolution (socialist revolution) in the era of imperialism

Effect - to break; to inspire.

Civil War and the Consolidation of Soviet Power

Time: 1918-1920

Military: Smashed foreign armed intervention and domestic counter-revolutionary rebellion

Economic "war communism policy"

Result: Consolidation of Soviet power

1. "War Communism" Policy (1918~1921)

1. Background: Soviet Russia faced severe domestic and international political and economic situations.

2. Main content:

(1) Agriculture: implement surplus grain collection system

(2) Industry: comprehensively implement nationalization of industry

(3) Commerce: Commodity trade is prohibited

(4) Distribution form: egalitarian rationing system and universal compulsory labor system

This policy mainly involves strict centralized management of various sectors of the domestic economy.

3. Purpose

(1) Smash domestic and foreign enemy attacks and ensure military victory

(2) Consolidate the new Soviet power

4. Evaluation of “War Communism”

(1) Concentrate the country’s human, material and financial resources to the maximum extent to ensure the victory of the military struggle;

(2) It does not conform to the laws of economic development and arouses dissatisfaction among workers and peasants. It is a measure to deal with crises and is not the correct way to transition to socialism.

The policy of “war communism”

1. Farmers cannot bear the increasingly severe free requisitions and deliberately reduce production to resist grain requisitions. As a result, Russia's grain output in 1920 was only half of that in 1913, and the sown area in 1921 decreased by 6.9 million hectares compared with 1920. Anti-Soviet sentiment among the peasantry was growing.

2. The shortage of agricultural products and raw materials led to the suspension of production in most factories. In 1920, the industrial output value was only 13% of the pre-war level, and the output of coal and steel was only 28% and 4% of 1917. Workers lost their jobs in large numbers and went on strike and marches.

2. New Economic Policy (1921～1928)

1. Background: The implementation of wartime communist policies caused economic difficulties and political crises after the war.

2.Content

(1) Agriculture: fixed food tax

(2) Industry: Mainly owned and operated by the state, other enterprises are allowed to be operated by capitalists

(3) Trade: Implement free trade

(4) Distribution form: Distribution according to work

Class exercises

1. The most direct harm caused by wartime communist policies to farmers was

A． Implementation of surplus grain collection system B. Comprehensive implementation of industrial nationalization

C. Implement a consumer goods supply system D. Implement a universal compulsory labor system

2. Which of the following statements about wartime communist policies is incorrect?

A． Its purpose was to consolidate the nascent Soviet power

B. It guaranteed the military victory of the Soviet power

C. It consolidated the alliance of workers and peasants

D． Lenin saw it as a direct path to transition to communism

3. In 1921, Lenin said: “When frontal climbing is blocked and you cannot advance to the top of the mountain, you must have the courage to walk a difficult and dangerous way down the mountain to find a new route to the top of the mountain.” At that time, Soviet Russia “walked a section of the mountain. The specific method of "difficult and dangerous downhill road" is

A． widespread nationalization of industry

B. Allow domestic and foreign private capital to exist

C. Implement a command planned economy

D． Completely implement market economy

The effectiveness of the new economic policy

From 1921 to 1922, 38 million tons of grain were purchased.

From 1925 to 1926, 89 million dan were purchased.

In 1925, the area sown with grain reached the pre-war level.

From 1921 to 1924, the total output of large state-owned industries doubled, preserving the core strength of workers.

In 1925, socialist elements accounted for 81% of the entire industry, while capitalist elements were squeezed out.

What inspiration does the success of Soviet Russia’s new economic policy leave us with:

Focus on economic construction and vigorously develop productivity.

The state should formulate policies based on national conditions and seek truth from facts.

It is necessary to adjust policies in a timely manner and have the courage to innovate.

The state must formulate policies that conform to the will of the people, conform to public opinion, and keep pace with the times.

Class summary

The February Revolution in March 1917 overthrew the tsarist autocratic rule; it was a bourgeois democratic revolution in nature. Lenin published the April Theses, calling for the transition from bourgeois democratic revolution to socialist revolution.

October Revolution Date: November 6, 1917. Leader: Lenin.

Result: The armed uprising in Petrograd was successful, state power returned to the Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, and the world's first socialist country was born. Significance: It created the world's first country under the dictatorship of the proletariat. It was the first victorious proletarian revolution in the era of imperialism and profoundly affected the course of world history.

Wartime Communism Background: Reactionary forces at home and abroad launched an attack on the new Soviet regime, and the Soviet regime was in crisis. Main measures: surplus grain collection system. Characteristics: Extraordinary measures with a military nature (the whole country is a unified military camp).

new economic policy

Background: Wartime communism further worsened the economy and aroused strong dissatisfaction and resistance among the broad masses of workers and peasants. Time: March 1921. Measures: In agriculture, replace the surplus grain collection system with food tax; in industry: in commerce; in distribution system.

Significance: It mobilizes the enthusiasm of all parties and effectively promotes the development of the national economy; it lays an economic foundation for the consolidation of proletarian power and further socialist construction; it provides a useful reference for the construction of socialism in economically and culturally backward countries.

Enlightenment to our country: Focus on economic construction and vigorously develop productivity; the country must formulate policies based on national conditions and seek truth from facts; it must adjust policies in a timely manner and keep pace with the times.

Expand and extend

Summarize Lenin’s great contributions

1. Led the October Revolution

2. Established the world’s first country with a proletarian dictatorship

3. The implementation of wartime communism consolidated the new people's democratic regime

4. Implement new economic policies

5. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was established

Compliance test

1. The similarities between the Russian October Revolution and the February Revolution ( )

A. The target of attack is basically the same. B. The leadership strength is basically the same.

C The results are basically the same D The nature of the revolution is basically the same

2. The Russian October Revolution broke out when ( )

A September 1917 B October 1917 C November 1917 D December 1917

3. Which of the following statements about the New Economic Policy is incorrect ( )

A Wartime communism caused dissatisfaction

B mobilized the people's enthusiasm for building socialism

C In agriculture, replace grain taxes with a surplus grain collection system

D The inspiration it gives us is to adjust policies according to national conditions and keep pace with the times.

4． The event that overthrew the Tsarist autocracy in Russia was ( )

A The reforms of Peter I B The reforms of 1861 C The Russian February Revolution D The Russian October Revolution

5. Which of the following cities did the October Revolution first occur in ( )

A Moscow B Petrograd C Leningrad D Stalingrad

6. The first victorious socialist revolution in human history was ( )

A British Chartism B Paris Commune Revolution

C Chinese Revolution D Russian October Revolution

The birth of Marxism and the revolutionary struggles in various countries guided by it

1. The landmark event of the birth of Marxism——

The publication of the "Communist Manifesto" (socialism from utopia to science)

2. The first great practice after the birth of Marxism——

Paris Commune (scientific socialism from theory to practice)

3. The first victorious socialist revolution guided by the birth of Marxism——

October Revolution (Scientific Socialism from Ideal to Reality)

4. The product of the combination of Marxist principles and Chinese revolutionary practice——

Mao Zedong Thought

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