"Socialist Construction in the Soviet Union" Exploration of the Soviet Socialist Road PPT Courseware 3

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"Socialist Construction in the Soviet Union" Exploration of the Soviet Socialist Road PPT Courseware 3

1. Lenin’s exploration of the road to socialist construction

New Economic Policy:

Background: Two points (hazards)

Time: 1921

Content: Agriculture, Industry, Commerce, Distribution

What inspiration does the success of Soviet Russia’s implementation of the New Economic Policy give us?

1. Socialist construction must proceed from the country’s basic national conditions; it must combine the universal truth of Marxism with the basic realities of China’s revolution and construction;

2. Adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts and act in accordance with the objective laws of economic development.

What was the impact of the implementation of the policy of war communism?

The implementation of wartime communist policies maximized the mobilization of the country's financial and material resources, created the necessary material prerequisites for defending the Soviet power, and consolidated the Soviet power.

However, it also aroused dissatisfaction among the people, especially farmers, undermined the development of productive forces, caused production decline, and social instability, which was detrimental to the long-term development of Soviet Russia.

The dangers of the policy of “war communism”

Farmers could not bear the increasingly severe free requisitions and deliberately reduced production to resist the grain requisitions. As a result, Russia's grain output in 1920 was only half of that in 1913, and the sown area in 1921 decreased by 6.9 million hectares compared with 1920. Anti-Soviet sentiment among the peasantry was growing.

The shortage of agricultural products and raw materials caused most factories to cease production. In 1920, the industrial output value was only 13% of the pre-war level, and the output of coal and steel was only 28% and 4% of 1917. Workers lost their jobs in large numbers and went on strike and marches.

new economic policy

Features: Using commodity and currency relationships to develop the economy allows multiple economies to coexist and vigorously develop the commodity economy.

Impact: Improved the enthusiasm of workers and promoted the recovery and development of the national economy. By 1927, the national economy had returned to the pre-war level of 1913.

It was determined by the national conditions of Soviet Russia. The creative application of Marxism also reflected Lenin's spirit of seeking truth from facts and being brave in innovation.

Through comparison, what are the differences between "War Communism Policy" and "New Economic Policy"?

“War Communist policy” was coercive economic rule;

The “New Economic Policy” exploited market and commodity-monetary relations.

In this case, why didn't Soviet Russia implement the "New Economic Policy" when it was first established?

The "war communist policy" was implemented when Soviet Russia was in shortage of materials. Under certain conditions, this policy played a huge role in consolidating the Soviet power, but its long-term implementation was not conducive to the long-term development of Soviet Russia.

2. Socialist industrialization and agricultural collectivization

economy

�1�Socialist Industrialization

After the completion of the two five-year plans, the Soviet Union transformed from an agricultural country into an industrial country. Its total industrial output exceeded that of Germany, Britain, and France, ranking first in Europe and second in the world. The proportion of industrial production in world industrial production increased from 2.6% in the Tsarist era to 13.7% in 1937.

Why did the Soviet Union give priority to the development of heavy industry?

The Soviet Union was surrounded by capitalism, and the danger of imperialism launching an anti-Soviet war still existed. In order to build socialism in the Soviet Union and avoid falling behind and being beaten, Stalin believed that it was necessary to complete the modernization of the national economy and establish an independent and complete socialist economic system, that is, to build the Soviet Union into a country that could not only produce general consumer goods, but also produce various machines. and equipment country.

What were the reasons for the different paths of industrialization in the Soviet Union and those in capitalist countries?

1. Different social systems;

2. The industrialization of the Soviet Union was the most unprecedented undertaking in human history. There was no successful experience for reference, and it was the first experiment in building a new socialist society;

3. The starting economic foundation was different. The Soviet Union's industrialization was carried out under very difficult historical conditions. It was threatened and surrounded by imperialism from the outside, while the original domestic economic, cultural and technological foundation was very backward, and there was a shortage of funds.

�2�Agricultural collectivization

By 1937, the country had basically completed industrial collectivization. The farmers participating in collective farms accounted for 93% of the country's farmers, and the cultivated land area reached 99%. This gave the socialist element an absolute advantage in the entire national economy of the Soviet Union.

3. Highly centralized economic and political system

In 1936, the Soviet Union adopted a new constitution and declared that the Soviet Union was a "worker-peasant socialist country", marking the formation of the Soviet Union's highly centralized political and economic system, the "Stalin model."

Characteristics of Stalin’s model

Politics: Power is highly concentrated, and the construction of democracy and the rule of law is ignored. Leaders at all levels are actually appointed by superiors and are basically not subject to supervision by the masses; power is increasingly concentrated in the hands of a few people.

Economy: The state uses mandatory plans to manage all economic activities; it restricts commodity-currency relations and denies the role of the market; it uses practices that deprive farmers and restrict residents from improving their living standards to achieve high accumulation, high investment, and one-sided development of heavy industry.

think

What are the background and effects of the Stalin model and the resulting drawbacks?

[Background] The Stalin model was formed when the Soviet Union was surrounded by imperialism and its domestic economy and culture were relatively backward.

[Function] It has played a positive role in a certain historical stage, but this model has serious drawbacks. In the long run, it seriously hindered the further development of the Soviet Union.

【Disadvantages】

1. Prioritize the development of heavy industry, leaving agriculture and light industry in a backward state for a long time;

2. Under the planned economic system, one-sided emphasis on output value and output resulted in a small number of product varieties and poor quality;

3. The state has taken away too many things from farmers, seriously damaging the interests of farmers. Farmers have no enthusiasm and agricultural output has stagnated for a long time;

4. Extensive development, low efficiency, and a large amount of consumption and waste of resources.

5. It creates blind personal arbitrariness and worship, disrupting the process of intra-party democracy and legal system construction.

【lesson】

1. In the process of economic development, heavy industry, light industry, agriculture and other industries must develop in a coordinated manner;

2. Focus on economic construction, give full play to the role of the market, and meet the people’s growing material and cultural needs;

3. Pay attention to agricultural production, safeguard farmers’ interests, and increase farmers’ enthusiasm for production;

4. Improve economic benefits, save resources, and implement sustainable development strategies.

5. In politics, we must prevent personal arbitrariness, oppose personality worship, and establish a sound socialist democracy and legal system.

Summarize

What were the characteristics of the Soviet socialist construction in the 1920s and 1930s?

The socialist construction in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s was generally characterized by twists and turns. There have been two major turning points.

The first occurred during the Lenin period, when the policy of war communism was changed to the New Economic Policy;

The second time occurred during the Stalin period, when the New Economic Policy was abandoned and industrialization and agricultural collectivization were implemented. The results and impacts of the two transitions are different.

What are the similarities between China's national construction after the founding of the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union's socialist construction in the 1920s and 1930s?

Both China and the Soviet Union gave priority to the development of heavy industry in the process of socialist construction, and both made great achievements in industrial and agricultural construction.

knowledge consolidation

List the main contents of Soviet Russia’s new economic policy.

Imagination world

Think about it, what are the reasons for the great achievements of socialist industrialization in the Soviet Union?

Reasons: ① The highly centralized economic and political system can concentrate the country's material, financial and human resources on industrialization; ② The policy of giving priority to the development of heavy industry has fully guaranteed the resources, raw materials and labor required for the development of heavy industry; ③ The majority of workers are selfless labor.

Problem discussion

Some say that the New Economic Policy is a historical step backwards from the policies of wartime communism. Do you agree with this view? Why?

disagree. The New Economic Policy was Lenin's successful exploration of the road to socialist construction. Its implementation greatly improved workers' enthusiasm for production, promoted the recovery of the national economy, consolidated the alliance of workers and peasants, and stabilized the Soviet regime.

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"Socialist Construction in the Soviet Union" PPT courseware:

The first part of the PPT courseware "Socialist Construction in the Soviet Union": Lenin's exploration of the road to socialist construction Material 1: After the civil war, the surplus grain collection system was not abolished, but intensified. The amount of grain purchased in 1920-1921 doubled After a while, and...

"Socialist Construction in the Soviet Union" PPT:

"Socialist Construction in the Soviet Union" PPT Part One: New Economic Policy Lenin's exploration of the path of socialism (1) Promoted economic recovery and development, and improved people's lives. (2) Consolidated the alliance of workers and peasants and also consolidated the Soviet power. (3)..

"Socialist Construction in the Soviet Union" Exploration of the Soviet Socialist Road PPT Courseware 2:

"Socialist Construction in the Soviet Union" Exploration of the Socialist Road of the Soviet Union PPT Courseware 2 Learning Objectives: Understand basic knowledge such as the New Economic Policy, the founding of the Soviet Union, the industrialization and agricultural collectivization of the Soviet Union, and the Stalin model. In the spirit of starting from reality and being objective...

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Update Time: 2024-10-19

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