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"Series and Parallel" Current and Circuit PPT Courseware 4
Experience: Series and parallel circuits
Activity 1: Use two dry batteries, a switch, two
The small light bulbs form a circuit so that the switch can control the brightness of the two light bulbs.
How many ways are there to connect? Please try to connect.
Activity 2: For each connection method, unscrew one of the light bulbs and close the switch. How does the other light bulb work?
Reference answer:
Activity 1: Two kinds. The first type: The second type:
Activity 2: The first type: one bulb is unscrewed, and the other bulb goes out; the second type: one bulb is unscrewed, and the other bulb lights normally.
1. Series circuit:
(1) Concatenation: ____________________________.
(2) Series circuit switch control_______________.
2. Parallel circuit:
(1) Parallel connection: _______________________________.
(2) Trunk road: _______________________________.
(3)Branch: _______________________________.
(4) Parallel circuit trunk switch control_______________.
Reference answer:
1. (1) A circuit in which electrical appliances are connected in sequence (2) All electrical appliances
2. (1) The circuit in which both ends of the electrical appliance are connected together and connected in parallel to the circuit; (2) The part of the circuit from the two poles of the power supply to the two branch points
(3) Each circuit between two branch points (4) All electrical appliances
Explore 1 Series Circuit
Combined with "Activity 1", analyze according to the physical diagram connected below
question:
1. Use the marked arrow to let the current flow from the positive terminal of the power supply.
out and flow back to the negative electrode. When the current flows back to the negative electrode, there are ___________ paths. The components through which the current flows in sequence are _________, __________, and ___________; we call this connection method of the two lamps __________.
Tip: The current flows out from the positive electrode, passes through the switch, lamp L1, and lamp L2 in sequence, and then flows back to the negative electrode. There is only one path. This connection method in which electrical appliances are connected to the circuit in sequence is called series connection.
Reference answer: 1 switch, lamp L1, lamp L2 in series
2. Assemble the circuit according to the diagrams A, B, and C, observe the phenomenon after closing the switch, and answer the questions.
In Figures A, B, and C, when the switch is turned on, the two lights ___________ at the same time, and when the switch is turned off, the two lights ___________ at the same time. This shows that the switch in the series circuit controls the ____________ electrical appliances, and the switches are in different positions to control effect___________.
Tip: The three circuits A, B, and C are all series circuits, but the positions of the switches are different. No matter where the switch is, the switch controls the two electrical appliances.
Reference answer: on, off, all the same
【Micro Dial】
(1) In a series circuit, as long as one electrical appliance does not work, the circuit is in an open circuit state, and other electrical appliances will not work.
(2) In a series circuit, the switch always controls the entire circuit regardless of its position.
Explore 2 Parallel Circuits
Combined with "Activity 1", analyze the problem based on the physical diagram connected below:
1. Use the marked arrows to let the current flow out of the positive terminal of the power supply and back to the negative terminal. There are _______________ paths for current to flow back to the negative electrode. The components flowing through the first path are ____________ and ____________. The components flowing through the second path are ____________ and ____________. The current flowing through lamp L1 ____________ (optional) ("yes" or "no") flows through the lamp L2. We call this connection method of the two lamps ______________. In the circuit, please use a thick pen to draw the shared circuit. This part of the circuit is called _________, and the circuit used alone is called ____________.
Tip: The current flows out from the positive electrode and has two paths to flow back to the negative electrode. One is through the switch and lamp L1; the other is through the switch and lamp L2. The current flowing through the lamp L1 does not flow through the lamp L2, like this The connection method is called parallel connection. The entire circuit is divided into two parts, one part is shared and is called the main circuit, and the other part is used alone and is called the branch circuit.
【Knowledge Expansion】Hybrid Circuit
(1) Definition: There are series and parallel connections in the circuit.
(2) Advantages: You can make a certain electrical appliance work or not work alone.
(3) Disadvantages: If an electrical appliance is damaged or disconnected on the main road, the entire circuit will be invalid.
(4) Analysis method: analyze from the inside to the outside, analyze from small to large. When doing exercises that use circuit diagrams to connect physical diagrams, if you encounter parallel or mixed circuits, you may wish to convert the parallel or mixed circuits into series circuits and then solve the problem, which can simplify the complex circuit.
Test point 1 Determination of series and parallel circuits
[Demonstration Question 1] (2013 Zaozhuang High School Entrance Examination) In the circuit diagram as shown in the figure, to make the light bulbs L1 and L2 form a series circuit, it should ()
A. Only close S1
B. Only close S2
C. Close S1 and S2 at the same time
D. Close S1 and S3 at the same time
[Problem Solving Guide] (1) What are the characteristics of series circuits?
(2) What are the characteristics of parallel circuits?
Tips: (1) There is only one path.
(2) There are two or more paths.
【Exquisite analysis】Choose B. This question tests the judgment of a circuit. A series connection is a circuit in which electrical appliances are connected in sequence, with only one current path. Therefore, to connect two lamps in series, just close S2.
Test point 2: How to draw series and parallel circuits
[Demonstration Question 2] (2013·Qingdao High School Entrance Examination) Please draw a circuit diagram in the box based on the physical circuit.
[Problem Solving Guide] (1) How to connect the two light bulbs in the picture?
(2) Which lights are controlled by the switch?
Tips: (1) Using current method analysis, it can be seen that the two lamps in the picture are connected in parallel.
(2) Using the current method analysis, it can be seen that the switch S is in the main circuit and controls two lights; the switches S1 and S2 are in the branch circuit, S1 is connected in series with the lamp L2, and controls the lamp L2, and S2 is connected in series with the lamp L1 and controls the lamp L1.
[Intensive Lecture and Analysis] This question tests the identification of physical circuits and the drawing of circuit diagrams. It can be seen from the title picture that lamps L1 and L2 are connected in parallel, switch S is on the main circuit, switch S1 is on the branch circuit of lamp L2, and switch S2 is on the branch circuit of lamp L1.
Answer: As shown in the picture
[Golden Key to Customs Clearance] Inter-drawing of circuit diagrams and physical diagrams
(1) Draw a circuit diagram.
① When drawing a circuit diagram based on the actual drawing, the sequence relationship of each component should be consistent with the original drawing.
② Use uniformly prescribed symbols.
③The connecting lines should be drawn horizontally and vertically, concisely, neatly and beautifully.
(2) Connect the physical diagram.
① Connect the components in a certain order: if it is a series circuit, connect from one pole of the power supply; if it is a parallel circuit, connect one branch first and then the other.
②The wires can only be connected to the terminals.
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