"Several Common Bases" Acids and Bases PPT Courseware 2

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"Several Common Bases" Acids and Bases PPT Courseware 2

Review before class:

Acid: A compound in which all cations produced during ionization are hydrogen ions (H+). Such as HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, H2CO3

Base: A compound in which all the anions produced during ionization are hydroxide ions (OH-). Such as NaOH, Ca(OH)2

Salt: A compound in which the cation during ionization is a metal ion (or ammonium ion) and the anion is an acid ion.

Such as: NaCl Na2SO4 Na2CO3 NH4NO3

1. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

1. Physical properties

①White solid;

②Can absorb moisture in the air and deliquesce;

③Easily soluble in water and releases a lot of heat when dissolved;

④The aqueous solution has an astringent taste and a greasy feel;

⑤ Strongly corrosive.

2. Chemical properties

Reaction with acid-base indicators

Reaction with non-metal oxides

reaction with acid

reaction with certain salts

2. Calcium hydroxide (CaOH)

1. Physical properties

①White powdery solid;

② Slightly soluble in water, its solution is commonly known as lime water;

③The aqueous solution has an astringent taste and a greasy feel;

④Corrosive.

2. Chemical properties

Lime water turns purple litmus test solution blue, and colorless phenolphthalein test solution turns red.

Reacts with carbon dioxide (used to test CO2, or use CO2 to test Ca(OH)2.)

Ca(OH)2+CO2= CaCO3↓+H2O

It neutralizes acid and is often used to improve acidic soil in agriculture.

Reacts with certain salts.

Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3= CaCO3↓+2NaOH

Can be used to make sodium hydroxide.

3. Classification and naming of bases

Metal ion + hydroxide ion → hydroxide

Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide

So, how should Fe(OH)2 and Fe(OH)3 be distinguished and named?

The base containing high-valent metal ions is called "hydroxide"

Fe(OH)3→iron hydroxide

The base containing low-valent metal ions is called "substance hydroxide"

Fe(OH)2→ferrous hydroxide

4. Properties of alkali

Can react with acid-base indicators to turn litmus blue and phenolphthalein red.

Can react with most non-metal oxides to form salts and water

Can neutralize with acid to produce salt and water

Can react with certain salts to form another salt and another base

Any oxide that can react with a base to form salt and water is called an acidic oxide. For example, carbon dioxide, sulfur trioxide, etc.

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 = CaCO3↓ + H2O

2NaOH + SO3 = Na2SO3 + H2O

Most non-metal oxides are acidic oxides. Most acidic oxides are soluble in water and combine with water to form acids. For example, carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, sulfur trioxide dissolves in water to form sulfuric acid, etc.

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Update Time: 2024-10-20

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