"Separation of Regimes and Integration of Nationalities in the North" Separation of Regimes and Regional Development in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties PPT Courseware 4

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"Separation of Regimes and Integration of Nationalities in the North" Separation of Regimes and Regional Development in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties PPT Courseware 4

Interesting introduction

The 56 ethnic groups in our motherland are as close as brothers and develop in harmony. So, among these 56 ethnic groups, why are there no Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jie, and Di ethnic groups?

learning target

1. Know the historical facts of the establishment, brief unification and demise of the Western Jin Dynasty.

2. Grasp the internal migration and influence of northern ethnic groups.

3. Know the establishment of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the historical facts of the unification of the north.

4. Understand the reasons, measures and impacts of Emperor Xiaowen's reforms in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

5. Understanding the blending of northern ethnic groups injects fresh blood into historical development.

From the Western Jin Dynasty to the Sixteen Kingdoms

The Western Jin Dynasty was established

Time: 265 years

Emperor: Sima Yan

Capital: Luoyang

Unified national time: 280 years

Destruction: 316 years

Wang Kai, a relative, used purple silk to make a 40-mile barrier, and Shi Chong used brocade satin to make a more gorgeous 50-mile barrier. Wang Kai used wheat sugar to wash the pot, and Shi Chong used white wax as firewood.

collaborative inquiry

What were the reasons for the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty?

①The ruling group of the Western Jin Dynasty indulged in pleasure and fought for power and profit.

② A large number of northern nomads moved into the Central Plains and suffered discrimination and slavery. Together with the Han people who had no livelihood, they staged uprisings or joined the anti-Jin forces organized by nobles of various ethnic groups.

Inward migration of northern peoples

Thinking: When was the Northern Wei Dynasty established and its capital?

Late 4th century, Pingcheng, Xianbei

Thinking: Do you know the history of the Xianbei people?

The Xianbei people are a nomadic people in northern my country. Legend has it that they got their name from the Xianbei Mountains. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, they moved southward from the Daxinganling area. They once submitted to the Eastern Han Dynasty, and began to move south in large numbers at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Tuoba tribe successively established the Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, and Western Wei.

Understanding the meaning of “ethnic integration”

National integration refers to the process in which various ethnic groups live together, learn from each other, develop together, and gradually integrate, including the mutual influence of economic life, culture, language, customs, and habits, and their convergence. National integration includes not only the process of sinicization of ethnic minorities, but also the absorption of the excellent culture of ethnic minorities by the Han people. It is a progressive historical phenomenon in ancient Chinese history.

Reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty

The reasons why Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang:

1. The food produced in Pingcheng is insufficient.

2. Pingcheng is located in the north, which is not conducive to governance and development.

The impact of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moving the capital to Luoyang:

1. Make Luoyang develop and prosper.

2. It laid the foundation for Emperor Xiaowen’s further reforms.

3. Promote national integration.

Faced with the trend of great integration of ethnic groups in the north at that time, what if, as Emperor Xiaowen, you took the initiative to follow the trend and carry out reforms? Or conquer through force like Fu Jian?

Famous teacher guidance:

First, Emperor Xiaowen was influenced by Han culture since childhood and was keen on Central Plains culture;

Secondly, Emperor Xiaowen learned from the experience of former Qin Emperor Fu Jian who blindly used force and ultimately failed;

Third, after long-term development, Han culture has become more advanced than nomadic culture in all aspects.

The main contents of the reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty:

Politically: Switch to the Han system, implement the official salary system, and severely punish corruption.

Economically: Issue land equalization orders, allocate land to farmers, and collect taxes and servitude from farmers based on the number of acres.

collaborative inquiry

Fifteen hundred years have passed, and Chinese civilization continues to this day. People have made different judgments on the merits and demerits of Emperor Xiaowen:

1. Some people say that Emperor Xiaowen’s sinicization measures ultimately led to the demise of the Xianbei nation, and he was the eternal sinner of the Xianbei nation!

2. Some people also say: Emperor Xiaowen's reforms once again activated the character and spirit of the Chinese nation, promoted national integration, and laid a solid foundation for the development of the Sui and Tang Dynasties. He was an outstanding minority politician and reformer in ancient China.

How do you evaluate Emperor Xiaowen? Tell us your reasons.

Emperor Xiaowen followed the trend of the times and carried out a series of reforms, which were beneficial to the development of the northern economy, eased ethnic conflicts, consolidated feudal rule, strengthened ethnic integration, and laid the foundation for the country to end division, move toward unification, and prosper feudal society. Base. Therefore, Emperor Xiaowen was an outstanding statesman and reformer among my country's ethnic minorities, and made contributions to the common development of China's multi-ethnic groups.

Of course, Emperor Xiaowen's reforms were all Sinicization, and he neglected to maintain the cultural characteristics of his own nation, causing the Xianbei Tuoba tribe to gradually blend into other ethnic groups. This is a lesson worth learning.

Compliance in court

【1】The Northern Wei Dynasty was founded by which of the following ethnic minorities ( )

A. clan

B． Xianbei

C. Khitan

D. Huns

【2】The following historical phenomena are causally related to the reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty ( )

A. Unification of the Yellow River Basin

B． Change of political power in the north

C. Feudalization of ethnic minorities

D. Great integration of northern ethnic groups

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

This template belongs to History courseware Yuelu Edition Seventh Grade History Volume 1 industry PPT template

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