"Scientific Exploration: Pressure of Liquids" Pressure PPT Courseware 2

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"Scientific Exploration: Pressure of Liquids" Pressure PPT Courseware 2

Why do engineers design barrages to be wide at the bottom and narrow at the top?

A solid exerts pressure on the object supporting it due to gravity, so does a liquid also experience gravity and exert pressure on the object supporting it? ?

Think: Does the liquid exert pressure on the bottom of the container?

Due to the effect of gravity, the liquid exerts pressure on the bottom of the container that supports it.

Thinking: Does the liquid have pressure on the bottom of the container and also on the side walls of the container?

Because liquid is fluid, it exerts pressure on the side walls that prevent it from spreading.

one. Characteristics of liquid pressure

1. The liquid exerts pressure on the bottom of the container

Reason: Liquid is affected by gravity

2. The liquid also exerts pressure on the side walls of the container

Reason: Liquid is fluid

3． Experiment: Factors affecting the pressure of liquids

⑴Equipment: pressure gauge, water, salt water, large beaker, scale

Principle of the pressure gauge: When the rubber membrane on the probe is subjected to pressure, a height difference appears between the liquid levels on both sides of the U-shaped tube. The height difference between the two sides represents the pressure. The greater the pressure, the greater the liquid level difference.

⑵Steps:

①Put the probe into the container of water to see if there is pressure inside the liquid. Keep the depth of the probe in the water constant, change the direction of the probe, and see if the pressure in the liquid at the same depth is equal in all directions.

②Increase the depth of the probe in the water and see what is the relationship between the pressure inside the liquid and the depth

③Switch to salt water to see if the pressure inside the liquid is related to the density when the depth is the same

⑶Conclusion: Characteristics of liquid pressure

①The liquid has pressure on the bottom and side walls of the container, and there is pressure in all directions inside the liquid.

②The pressure of liquid increases with depth

③At the same depth, the pressure of the liquid in all directions is equal

④The pressure of different liquids is also related to density. When the depth is constant, the greater the density of the liquid, the greater the pressure.

two. Derivation of liquid pressure formula

1. Explanation: P=ρgh

In this formula:

P - the pressure of the liquid at any depth

ρ—density of liquid

g—constant g=9.8 N/kg

h - Depth refers to the vertical distance from the liquid surface to a certain position inside the liquid

2. Deformation formula:

Exercise: A test tube filled with water is gradually tilted from the vertical direction. Before the water flows out of the test tube, the pressure exerted by the water on the bottom of the tube will be ( )

A. Gradually getting bigger B. slowing shrieking

C. No change D. First get bigger and then get smaller

3. Application of liquid pressure

What are the similarities and differences between the above devices?

A container with an open upper end and a connected lower part is called a connector.

When the liquid in the connector is at rest, the liquid is always flat.

4. Transmission of liquid pressure

1. A sealed liquid has an important characteristic in transmitting pressure, that is, the pressure exerted on a sealed liquid can be transmitted by the liquid in all directions without changing its magnitude. This law is called Pascal's principle.

2. Pascal's principle is the basis for the work of many hydraulic systems and hydraulic machines.

3. Because P1=P2 means: F1/S1=F2/S2, we can get F1/F2=S1/S2

High School Entrance Examination Link

1. As shown in Figure 7, a rubber membrane is tied at the lower end of the glass cylinder. After a certain amount of water is placed inside, the rubber membrane bulges outward. When the glass tube is slowly placed into the beaker filled with alcohol to restore the flatness of the rubber membrane[ ]

A. The water level is slightly higher than the alcohol level.

B． The water level is a little lower than the alcohol level.

C. The water surface is level with the alcohol liquid level.

D． All three phenomena are possible.

2. Figure 9 shows three identical beakers. Cup A contains salt water, cup B contains kerosene, and cup C contains water. When the pressure of the liquid on the bottom of the cup is equal, draw the approximate position of the liquid level in the cup.

3． If two identical measuring cups are poured with equal masses of water and kerosene, the pressure at the bottom of the measuring cup is [ ]

A. Pour in more water. B． Pour the smaller amount of water.

C. Both are the same size. D． Unable to judge.

4. Two identical containers contain equal volumes of water and alcohol, as shown in Figure 6. The following statement is correct[ ]

A. The pressure on the bottoms of the two containers is equal.

B． The liquid pressure at two places a and b at the same depth below the liquid surface is equal.

C. The bottom of the water container is under greater pressure.

D． The bottom of the water container is under less pressure.

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Update Time: 2024-09-17

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