"Scientific Inquiry: Newton's First Law" Force and Motion PPT Courseware

Description

"Scientific Inquiry: Newton's First Law" Force and Motion PPT Courseware

learning target

1. Conduct scientific reasoning based on experiments, and recognize and understand the content of Newton’s first law;

2. Experience the process of exploring Newton’s first law and master the scientific methods of ideal experiments;

3. Know what inertia is, understand the advantages and disadvantages of inertia, and be able to explain the phenomena related to inertia in production and life.

think about it

What did you discover from the following mechanical phenomena?

Gently apply a horizontal pulling force to stationary textbooks and other stationery, and the textbooks and other stationery will move in the horizontal direction. After the pulling force is removed, the textbooks and other stationery will stop.

Apply a horizontal thrust to a car stuck in the snow, and the car will move in a horizontal direction. If the thrust is removed, the car will stop.

Hit the nail with a hammer, and the nail will move downward and sink into the board. Stop hammering and the nail will stop sinking.

A stationary football will fly out when you apply force with your feet

The above mechanical phenomena seem to have a common feature:

The movement of an object requires the action of a force. Without a force, the object will not move or stop moving.

Ask a question

Combined with the above-mentioned experiment of "no sound can be transmitted in a vacuum", how should you design an experiment to explore whether a moving object will continue to move if it is not affected by other objects?

design experiment

Let the car slide down the inclined plane, gradually reduce the roughness of the plane, measure the distance of the car's movement, and deduce the movement of the car when there is no friction on the plane.

What influencing factors need to be controlled in the experiment, how to control them, and what is the purpose?

Control Variable

1. The car slides down from the same height

2. The same car

3. The same slope

4. Let the car slide freely from the top of the slope

What equipment is needed?

Inclined surfaces, wooden boards with different roughness, trolleys, scales, etc.

What information needs to be recorded?

Material on horizontal surface, sliding distance of trolley

Research methods: experiment plus inference

reasoning:

①The smaller the resistance, the movement distance ______ and the speed change ______.

②The resistance is 0 (no force is exerted in the horizontal direction), and the movement speed is ______.

③If the car is stationary on a horizontal surface and there is no force in the horizontal direction, what do you think will be the motion state of the car?

Resting on a horizontal table

All objects always maintain a state of uniform linear motion or a state of rest when they are not acted upon by external forces.

1. “Everything” applies to all objects;

2. "No external force is acting on" is the condition for the law to be established, including that the object is indeed not acted upon by external force and the object is acted upon by a balancing force;

3. "Always maintained" means that when an object is not acted upon by an external force, it has only two possibilities: stationary or uniform linear motion;

4. "Or" means that one of the two states must exist, not at the same time.

Newton's first law is not directly derived through experiments, but is summarized by reasoning based on a large number of experiments. It cannot be directly proved by experiments.

inertial interpretation method

1. The original state of the object;

2. Observe which object (or part of an object) suddenly changes its motion state after being acted upon by an external force, and indicate the change in motion state;

3. How does an object maintain its original state of motion due to inertia?

4. Explain the phenomenon given in the question.

The relationship between inertia and mass

Inertia is not a force, but a basic property of an object. It is only related to the mass of the object. The greater the mass, the greater the inertia.

Class exercises

1. Which of the following statements about the establishment of Newton’s first law is correct ( )

A. It is derived through theory

B. It is obtained directly through experiments

C. It can be verified experimentally

D. It is based on experimental facts and summarized through reasoning and imagination.

2. Which of the following statements is wrong ( )

A. A moving object will continue to move in a straight line if the external force it receives disappears at the same time.

B. An object that is originally stationary will move only when it is acted upon by a force.

C. An object that was originally stationary remains stationary without being acted upon by an external force.

D. An object that was originally stationary will stop moving if the external force it receives suddenly disappears at the same time.

3. The kicked ice cube slides at a constant speed on the ice surface with negligible friction. Will the ice cube experience any forward force?

A: Not accepted B: Accepted

4. Judgment:

(1) Only objects that are at rest or moving in a straight line at a uniform speed have inertia.

(2) Objects moving at variable speeds have no inertia.

(3) Any object has inertia.

Class summary

1. The content of Newton's first law: All objects always maintain a state of uniform linear motion or a state of rest when they are not acted upon by external forces.

2. Inertia: The property of an object to remain in motion.

3. Inertia is an inherent property of all objects.

Due to the existence of inertia, an object at rest maintains its state of rest; an object in motion maintains its state of uniform linear motion.

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Update Time: 2024-09-22

This template belongs to Physics courseware Shanghai Science Edition 8th Grade Physics industry PPT template

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