"Science and the Power of Thought" Brilliant Modern Culture PPT Courseware

"Science and the Power of Thought" Brilliant Modern Culture PPT Courseware

1. The fire of ideological enlightenment

France in the 18th century through Hugo’s eyes:

Before the Great Revolution, the architecture of society looked like this: below, there was the people; above the people, there was the religion, represented by the clergy; on the religious side, there was the judiciary, represented by the judges.

At that stage of human society, what were the people? They were ignorant. What religion is, is intolerance. What is justice? There is no justice.

——Hugo "Speech in Commemoration of the Centenary of Voltaire's Death"

1. Reasons for the emergence of enlightenment ideas

At that time, French capitalism had developed to a certain extent, but the decline of the feudal autocratic system, the strict hierarchical system, and the decay of the Catholic Church hindered the development of capitalism.

2. Voltaire’s ideological propositions

A: He compared the Pope to a "bipedal beast" and called the priests "civilized villains". He said that Catholicism is "the most shameful trap set up by some cunning people" and called on "everyone to follow their own way." Fight against appalling religious fanaticism." ——Voltaire

Criticize the darkness and decadence of the Catholic Church.

B: People only have a motherland when they are governed by a wise and wise king, but there is no such thing as a motherland at all when they are ruled by a foolish king. ——Voltaire

Opposed the feudal autocratic system and advocated an enlightened monarch to govern.

C: "...Are the sons of peasants born with collars around their necks, and the sons of nobles born with riding spurs on their legs? All people who enjoy natural power are obviously equal. ...Except for the law, To be independent of anything else is to be a free man." - Voltaire

Emphasis on bourgeois freedom and equality

3. The role of enlightenment thought

Do you know: What do the red, white and blue colors on the French flag represent?

Function 1: Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire fiercely attacked feudal autocracy and the Catholic Church and promoted the ideas of "freedom" and "equality", which promoted people's ideological emancipation.

Do you know: Which bourgeois revolution was the largest and most thorough revolution in the early bourgeois revolutionary era?

Function 2: It provides strong support for the emerging bourgeoisie to replace the feudal aristocracy in politics and promotes social progress.

Did you know: What historical events in Asia were influenced by Enlightenment ideas?

Function 3: Many works of Enlightenment thinkers were introduced to Asian countries such as China and Japan, promoting the ideological emancipation of these countries.

2. Scientific revolution

1. Learn to write short biographies of historical figures

Elements of short biographies of historical figures:

The character's name, era of life, country, biography, contributions, scientific and technological achievements, works and influence, etc. You can also add some typical events and evaluations of the character. (50-100 words)

2. List of achievements of scientists

Scientist's main achievements

British Newton Astronomy: Law of Universal Gravity, Mathematics: Creation of Calculus, Mechanics: Three Laws of Mechanics

British Darwin wrote "The Origin of Species" and proposed the idea of ​​"evolution" and the viewpoint of "natural selection, survival of the fittest, and survival of the fittest"

American American who founded the theory of relativity

einstein

3. Reasons for scientific achievements

Why were capitalist countries able to achieve fruitful results in science at that time?

Material 1: At that time, China did not make much progress in science and technology.

1. The emergence and development of capitalism are the fundamental reasons.

Material 2: The history of scientist Bruno being burned to death by the Catholic Church for insisting on his scientific ideas is gone forever!

2. Freedom of thought is an important factor.

Material 3: Success = hard work + correct methods + less empty talk. ——Einstein

3. Personal factors of scientists

Consolidate feedback and correction

1. Which of the following events cannot be influenced by Enlightenment thought ( )

A. The French Revolution

B． United States Constitution of 1787

C. Chinese New Culture Movement

D． British bourgeois revolution

2. The North Korean nuclear issue has become a hot topic in recent years, and the Six-Party Talks have also had twists and turns. The person who opened the door to the atomic age for mankind in history is ( )

A. Einstein b. darwin

C. Marie Curie D. newton

3. An experimental school website is carrying out an event to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Darwin’s birth. Please design the main content of the website and introduce it ( )

A. Theory of relativity b. enlightenment thought

C. The three laws of mechanics D. Evolution

4. Some people say that Newton created the key to the industrial revolution, and Watt opened the door to the industrial revolution with this key. The contributions of Newton and Watt are ( ) respectively

A. Discovered the law of universal gravitation and created the internal combustion engine

B． Established a complete mechanical theoretical system and improved steam engines

C. Proposed the theory of evolution and proposed the theory of relativity

D． Invented the steam engine and proposed the theory of evolution

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