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"Science and Technology in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" Consolidation and Development of a Multi-ethnic Unified Country PPT Courseware 2
learning target:
1. Understand the Forbidden City in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen and "Compendium of Materia Medica", Song Yingxing and "Tiangong Kaiwu", Xu Guangqi and "Agricultural Policy Complete Book".
2. Analyze and summarize the characteristics of the development of science and technology in my country during the Ming Dynasty.
3. Cultivate self-esteem and self-confidence, but not complacent national sentiments, as well as the qualities of hard study, diligent thinking, down-to-earth, and pioneering spirit.
Teaching focus: Beijing's Forbidden City and Li Shizhen and "Compendium of Materia Medica"
Teaching difficulties: The characteristics of the times reflected in scientific and technological achievements including architecture
Three scientific masterpieces, "Compendium of Materia Medica", "Tiangong Kaiwu" and "Agricultural Policy Encyclopedia", guide students to analyze and understand the characteristics of the times of textbook scientific and technological achievements.
The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the late period of my country's feudal society.
Politically: The rule of feudal absolutism is further strengthened, and the feudal system is declining. (It strengthens the centralized system of monarchy and strengthens ideological rule.)
Economically: The commodity economy developed rapidly, giving birth to the buds of capitalist production relations; however, it was severely hindered by feudal autocratic rule and developed slowly.
In terms of ethnic relations: the central government has strengthened its rule over border areas, and the unified multi-ethnic country has been consolidated and developed.
In terms of foreign relations: exchanges were once frequent, and large-scale anti-aggression wars consolidated the country's rule.
Read and think:
1. Who wrote "Compendium of Materia Medica" and when?
2. What was the creation process of "Compendium of Materia Medica"?
3. What type of book is "Compendium of Materia Medica"?
4. What excellent qualities does the author have that you can learn from?
Features: Inheriting the past and embracing the new
①From the content point of view: multiple and complete - a concluding masterpiece, a masterpiece
② From the perspective of value and impact: Although there is no breakthrough or innovation, it is still in a leading position in the world
③From the perspective of human main behavior: diligent study, personal practice, and emphasis on investigation and research - the spirit of dedication to science
④ Judging from some contents: reflecting the introduction of Western culture, such as "The Complete Book of Agriculture" and "Tiangong Kaiwu"
Question: Chinese classical science and technology has always been in a leading position in the world, but why did China not produce modern science and technology similar to modern Europe at that time? What is the fundamental difference between Chinese classical science and technology and modern Western science and technology?
Lu Xun said in "The Advantages and Disadvantages of Electricity": "Foreign countries use gunpowder to make bullets to defend the enemy, but China uses it to make firecrackers to worship gods; foreign countries use compass needles for navigation, but China uses them to read Feng Shui; foreign countries use opium for medicine, but China uses it as a Eat.”
——Whether science and technology can produce huge economic and social benefits depends on the social environment. At that time, China lacked the motivation and mechanism to transform science and technology into productive forces.
Reasons: The feudal natural economy dominates and hinders the development of productivity; the rulers implement a policy of focusing on agriculture and suppressing business, which is not conducive to the production, promotion and application of scientific and technological achievements; the rulers implement a cultural autocratic policy, which confines people's thoughts and makes Intellectuals are not practical; the closed-door policy hinders the normal exchange of Chinese and Western cultures.
The difference: Ancient Chinese science and technology was based on handicraft production and was basically the product of experience and did not rise to the level of theory; Western science and technology is closely connected with mechanized mass production and is the product of scientific experiments.
Speak freely
China had advanced science and technology in ancient times and led the world in its four major inventions. However, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's science and technology has lagged behind the West. What are the reasons for this situation based on analysis of materials and knowledge learned?
1. Politics: The decadent feudal system hinders the development of science and technology.
2. Economy: Lack of material foundation and motivation.
3. Culture: The implementation of cultural authoritarian policies such as eight-part essays and literary prisons has imprisoned people's thoughts.
4. Diplomacy: "Seclusion" has lost opportunities for cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.
Classroom training
1. The author of the Ming Dynasty pharmacology work "Compendium of Materia Medica" known as the "Classic of Oriental Pharmacy" is ( )
A. Hua Tuo
B． Zhang Zhongjing
C. Li Shizhen
D. Li Chun
2. The author of "Tiangong Kaiwu", which is called "the encyclopedia of Chinese crafts in the 17th century" by foreign scholars, is ( )
A. Jia Sixie
B． Li Shizhen
C. Song Yingxing
D. Xu Guangqi
3. The Dragon Boat Festival is here, and Qingqing wants to pick some mugwort (a kind of traditional Chinese medicine) from the mountains. The book she should read is ( )
A. "Tiangong opens things"
B． "Compendium of Materia Medica"
D. "Art of Decoration"
C. "Shui Jing Zhu"
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"Science and Technology in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" Consolidation and Development of a Multi-Ethnic Unified Country PPT Courseware 4:
"Science and Technology in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" The Consolidation and Development of a Multi-Ethnic Unified Country PPT Courseware 4 The Great Wall The Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, with a total length of more than 6,300 kilometers, is called the Great Wall by the world. Reason for construction: To resist the Mongolian attack in the north. It starts and ends from east to west; from Jiayuguan in the west to...
"Science and Technology in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" Consolidation and Development of a Multi-Ethnic Unified Country PPT Courseware 3:
"Science and Technology in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" Consolidation and Development of a Multi-Ethnic Unified Country PPT Courseware 3 Science and Technology in the Ming and Qing Dynasties Natural Science Achievements Architectural Achievements The Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty Beijing City's Scientific and Technological Achievements Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" Song Yingxing's "Tiangong Kaiwu" Xu Guangqi's "Agriculture" Zhengquanshu...
"Science and Technology in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" PPT courseware on the consolidation and development of a unified multi-ethnic country:
"Science and Technology in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" The Consolidation and Development of a Multi-Ethnic Unified Country PPT Courseware Learning Objectives Master the Forbidden City of the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen and "Compendium of Materia Medica", Song Yingxing and "Tiangong Kaiwu", Xu Guangqi and "The Complete Book of Agricultural Affairs" 》. Focus: The Forbidden City in Beijing..