"Science and Technology" Ancient Science, Technology and Culture PPT Courseware 2

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"Science and Technology" Ancient Science, Technology and Culture PPT Courseware 2

1. Ancient Egyptian Solar Calendar

Ask the students to talk about the outstanding achievements in ancient Egypt? Which aspect has the greatest impact?

The ancient Egyptians made outstanding achievements in the fields of mathematics, medicine, engineering technology, and calendars, among which the calendar had the greatest impact.

Discussion: Why did the Egyptians achieve outstanding achievements in the calendar?

1. Origin

Derived from the needs of social life

A summary rooted in the reality of life

Rely on the synthesis of various knowledge

2. Evolution

think:

1. What is the inheritance relationship between the ancient Egyptian solar calendar, the Julian calendar, and the Gregorian calendar?

The Julian calendar inherited the solar calendar, and the Gregorian calendar revised the leap rules on the basis of the Julian calendar.

2. What are the advantages of the Gregorian calendar?

High accuracy

3. Status

The ancient Egyptian solar calendar is the first solar calendar in human history known so far. The Gregorian calendar currently used in most countries in the world has a direct relationship with it.

Study of Historical Materials: Ancient Chinese Calendar

Taichu Calendar: The "Taichu Calendar" of the Western Han Dynasty is China's first calendar with complete written records.

Dayan Calendar: Compiled by a monk from the Tang Dynasty

Time Calendar: The Time Calendar compiled by Guo Shoujing of the Yuan Dynasty is the best calendar in ancient China and the longest-used calendar. It was used for more than 360 years from the Yuan Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty.

Islamic calendar

The Islamic calendar, called Hijri in ancient my country, is a type of lunar calendar.

The Era takes July 16, 622 AD (the second day after Muhammad entered Medina) as the New Year's Day of the first year.

Buddhist calendar

The Buddhist calendar is the way of calculating epochs in some Buddhist countries. This calculation method uses the year of Sakyamuni's death (543 BC) as the basis for calculation.

What year is this year in the Buddhist calendar?

2. Euclid

Historical data 1: According to Proclus (about 410-485), King Ptolemy once asked a man if there was any shortcut to learning geometry besides his "Elements of Geometry". The man replied: "In geometry there are no roads paved for kings."

Historical data two: "This work has been handed down from the time of his writing to the present day, and has continued to have a major impact on human society." - "Concise Encyclopedia Britannica"

Historical data three: "No need to doubt, no need to guess, no need to try, no need to change." ——Xu Guangqi

What are the characteristics of "Elements of Geometry"?

First, broad and profound

"Elements of Geometry" was a vast and comprehensive work that gathered all the achievements of geometry at that time and built a rigorous scientific system called "Euclidean geometry". The argument is brilliant, the logic is rigorous, and the content is rich.

Second, far-reaching impact

"Elements of Geometry" is the world's earliest axiomatic mathematical masterpiece and is known as a monument in the history of science. "Elements" had a profound influence and was still the most important geometry textbook in Europe in the early 19th century.

3. Archimedes

Historical data 1: He put the crown (the gold crown of Hieron II) in a basin filled with water, measured the overflowing water, and placed the same weight of pure gold in the basin filled with water, and found that the overflowing water Less than what was spilled just now. This confirmed that the crown was laced with silver.

Historical data two: In 214 BC, when the Roman fleet and army approached the ancient city of Syracuse, many large and heavy stones were thrown at the enemy's army at a very fast speed, while some thick beams rammed and sank the enemy's warships. Some Warships were also caught and hoisted into the air by a crane-like machine, flipped over, or thrown onto rocks or into the sea, with people and the ship shattered to pieces.

Explore the following questions:

(1) Which two aspects of Archimedes' achievements do the two pictures reflect?

(1) Figure 1 is the lever principle, Figure 2 is the spiral waterwheel principle.

(2) According to historical data 1, it was detected that the gold crown was mixed with silver. What is the principle of physics based on this?

(2) Archimedes used the principle of specific gravity or buoyancy in physics to detect that the gold crown was mixed with silver.

(3) Analyze historical materials 1 and 2. What spiritual qualities of Archimedes do you think the historical materials reflect?

(3) The two historical materials reflect his exploratory spirit of studying hard and having the courage to practice, and his patriotism spirit of using science to serve the country.

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Update Time: 2024-09-09

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