"Science, Technology and Scholar Culture" PPT courseware on the separation of political power and regional development in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

"Science, Technology and Scholar Culture" PPT courseware on the separation of political power and regional development in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

1. Improvement of agricultural technology

Jia Sixie and "Essential Techniques for Elevating the People"

What does the title "Essentials of Qi Min" mean? Which production techniques it introduced are still in use?

Jia Sixie was born in Yidu (now Shandong). Jia Sixie was born in a scholarly family that has been farming for generations. His ancestors loved reading and studying, and especially paid attention to the study and research of agricultural production technology knowledge. This had a great influence on Jia Sixie's life. Although his family was not very wealthy, he had a large collection of books, which gave him the opportunity to read a lot of books since he was a child and learn all aspects of knowledge from them, which laid the foundation for his later compilation of "Qi Min Yao Shu".

"Qi Min Yao Shu" is the oldest and most complete agricultural book in existence in my country. "Qi Min" refers to civilians, and "Yao Shu" is the main technique for making a living. As the name suggests, "Qi Min Yao Shu" is the main technology for ordinary people to make a living. There are 92 chapters in the book, divided into 10 volumes, and about 110,000 words. In the book, Jia Sixie established a relatively complete agricultural system and made reasonable divisions into agricultural categories characterized by practicality. The book records the improvement of agricultural tools, the increase in crop varieties and field management techniques in the north. It also points out that the sowing, harvesting and storage of different crops should be arranged according to the lunar calendar. This agricultural system was used by later generations to compile agricultural books.

What does "Qi Min Yao Shu" mainly describe? What is its place in the history of agriculture in my country?

Content: The book records the improvement of farm tools, the increase in crop varieties and field management techniques in the north. It also points out that the sowing, harvesting and storage of different crops should be arranged according to the lunar calendar.

Status: It is the earliest extant agricultural book in my country and has had a profound impact on later generations' production practices and Chinese and foreign agricultural research.

What aspects does "Shui Jing Zhu" mainly record? What are the characteristics of this book? What value and role does it have?

Content: Based on the record of the national waterway system, it introduces in detail the mountains, rivers, towns, topography and products, customs, historical monuments, etc. in the areas where rivers flow.

Features: Beautiful writing, poetic and picturesque descriptions of scenery.

Value: It is a comprehensive geographical work that also has literary and historical value.

2. Mathematics Achievements

Think and discuss

What uses does pi have in real life today?

What are the main reasons why Zu Chongzhi achieved such outstanding scientific achievements?

Why was Li Daoyuan able to write "Shui Jing Zhu"?

Li Daoyuan's achievement is inseparable from his rigorous academic attitude. In order to write "Shui Jing Zhu", he collected a large amount of literature, citing as many as 437 kinds of books, and compiled about 350 kinds of gold and stone inscriptions from the Han and Wei dynasties. He also collected many folk songs, proverbs, dialects, legends, etc.

He pays attention to absorbing the achievements of his predecessors, but he is not completely superstitious about the ancients. He always conducts careful analysis and research on various materials obtained, and personally conducts on-site inspections, searches for historical sites, traces back to the source, and adopts a pragmatic and scientific attitude.

Why did science and technology achieve great achievements during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties?

1. The ruler’s attention

2. The hard work and wisdom of working people

3. Scientists’ hard work and practice-oriented spirit

4. Promotion of ethnic integration and economic development

5. Inheriting the scientific and technological achievements of previous generations

What are the characteristics of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy? Why do later generations call Wang Xizhi the "Sage of Calligraphy"?

Characteristics of calligraphy: It has changed the relatively simple calligraphy style of the previous generation and made the calligraphy elegant, fresh, gorgeous and luxurious. It has the reputation of "floating like floating clouds, as powerful as a startling dragon".

Wang Xizhi's calligraphy draws on the strengths of others and is unique, inheriting the past and opening up the future. Wang Xizhi was exquisite in every aspect and left behind many masterpieces. Therefore, he is called the "Sage of Books".

Gu Kaizhi and paintings

(1) Representative works

"Luo Shen Fu Tu"

"Pictures of Proverbs from Women's History"

(2) Painting style

"Writing God in Form"

How much do you know about the grottoes?

Grotto art is a large-scale stone carving art that combines traditional Chinese sculpture and painting art and is excavated according to the mountains.

During the Northern Dynasties, in order to promote Buddhism, the rulers ordered caves to be dug on a large scale. Countless craftsmen carefully created and perfectly combined traditional Chinese artistic styles with foreign Buddhist art to form brilliant grotto art, which became the highest expression of artistic achievements during the Three Kingdoms, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties. The most famous of them are the Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi and the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan.

Grotto art is a treasure in the treasure house of Chinese national art. As an excellent cultural heritage, it belongs not only to China but also to the world.

【Advise and make suggestions】

①The "Pictures of Proverbs of Women's History" we see today are copies made in the Tang Dynasty. When the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing, these pictures were snatched away by the British army and are now in the collection of the British Museum.

②Shanxi is a major coal-producing province. With the development of coal export projects, roads have been built to the edge of the grottoes. The coal ash has made the Buddha statues look gray all day long.

Do you know of other reasons why cultural relics are destroyed? How should we protect cultural relics so that these cultural heritage can be passed down from generation to generation and maintain their artistic charm forever?

Classroom training

1. The picture on the right is the stamp "Ancient Scientist——Jia Sixie" issued by our country. His achievements are ( )

A. "Shui Jing Zhu" B. "Essential Techniques for Elevating the People"

C. "Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases" D. "Nine Chapters on Arithmetic"

2. A director plans to shoot a feature film in 2009 with the theme of ancient Chinese calligraphy art. Based on the knowledge you have learned, do you think the male protagonist in the movie is most likely to be ( )

A. Cai Lun B. Li Shizhen

C. Song Yingxing D. Wang Xizhi

3. "Floating like floating clouds, as powerful as a frightening dragon." - "Book of Jin"

①Whose calligraphy works are people praising? In which dynasty did this calligrapher live?

②What is this calligrapher’s representative work? How will future generations evaluate him?

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"Science, Technology and Scholar Culture" Separation of Regimes and Regional Development in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties PPT Courseware 2:

"Science, Technology and Scholar Culture" Separation of Regimes and Regional Development in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties PPT Courseware 2 Learning Objectives 1. The historical facts of Zu Chongzhi's calculation of pi, and understand the mathematical achievements of ancient China; 2. Know important works such as "Qi Min Yao Shu"; 3. List ancient calligraphy...