"Russian Reforms" PPT courseware

"Russian Reforms" PPT courseware

Part One: The History of Russia

Late 9th century: East Slavs found Kievan Rus

First half of the 13th century: Kievan Rus was conquered by the Mongols

14th century: Muscovy is established

Late 15th century: Muscovy unified Russia

16th century: Ivan IV officially adopts the title of "Tsar", strengthening the Tsar's autocratic power

Russian Reform PPT, Part 2: Classroom Learning

1. Reforms of Peter I (early 18th century)

1. Reason: Russia is a backward feudal serfdom country

2. Content: politics, military, economy, culture and education, social customs

3. Influence: Positive: Started the modernization of Russia

Negative: Serfdom is further strengthened

2. Alexander II’s serfdom reform (1861)

1. Reason:

(1) Economy: serfdom → development of capitalism

(2) Politics: internal and external difficulties → crisis of tsarist rule

2. Content:

Serfs were legally "free persons";

During the "liberation", the "allotment" was redeemed

3. Evaluation:

(1) Nature: Top-down bourgeois reform

(2) Progressiveness: conducive to the development of capitalism

(3) Limitations: retaining a large number of feudal remnants

content:

① Politics: Reorganized the administrative agencies and established a centralized administrative system, further strengthening the autocratic power of the tsar;

② Military: Create a new standing army, requiring nobles to serve the country in the military or administrative agencies, and promote talents based on merit and talent;

③Economy: Encourage the establishment of manual workshops and allow factory owners to purchase serfs in entire villages;

④ Culture and education: dispatch overseas students, establish academies of science, open schools, establish newspapers, and promote cultural education;

⑤Social customs: Promote Western etiquette, clothing and lifestyle.

Russian Reform PPT, Part 3: Serfdom Reform in 1861:

1. Serfs gained personal freedom and could change their identities and occupations freely;

Provided labor and a broad market for the development of capitalism

2. When serfs were "liberated", they could get a piece of land, but they had to pay for it.

provided funds for the development of capitalism

According to the provisions of the Reform Law: In order to obtain a piece of land and a garden next to their home, farmers must pay a ransom 2-3 times higher than the low price to the landlord, of which about 25% must be paid in cash, and the rest must be paid back with interest within 49 years. . According to statistics, by the time farmers paid off their loans in 1910, the government and landlords had robbed farmers of a total of 2 billion rubles in ransom.

How do you evaluate the Russian serfdom reform of 1861?

(1) Nature: a top-down bourgeois reform

(2) Progressiveness:

①An important turning point in Russian history.

② Pushed Russia onto the path of capitalist development.

(3) Limitations: The remnants of serfdom still exist, affecting the development of Russia's economy and society.

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"Russian Reforms" PPT:

Contents of the first part of "Russian Reforms" PPT: Teaching objectives: Know the unification of Russia, the establishment of the Tsarist autocratic system and the serfdom system, the reform of Peter I that started the process of Russia's modernization, Russia's territorial expansion, and the main contents of Alexander II's reforms; theory ..