"Reaction of Acids and Bases" Common Acids, Bases, and Salts PPT Courseware

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"Reaction of Acids and Bases" Common Acids, Bases, and Salts PPT Courseware

Preview of new knowledge

1. Reasons why acids and bases have similar chemical properties

1. Acid: When dissolved in water, the cations produced are all ________, so they will show common chemical properties in aqueous solution.

2. Alkali: After being dissolved in water, the anions produced are all ________, so they will show common chemical properties in aqueous solution.

2. Neutralization reaction

1. Concept: ____________ reaction.

2. Example: NaOH＋HCl===NaCl＋H2O.

3. Note: There is no obvious phenomenon in this reaction. In order to show that the reaction occurs, an indicator, such as phenolphthalein solution, can be used. Take a small amount of sodium hydroxide solution, add 2 to 3 drops of phenolphthalein solution into it, and the solution will appear ______; add dilute hydrochloric acid drop by drop, while shaking while adding, and observe that the solution changes from red to _______.

4． Essence: The process in which __________ in an acid solution combines with __________ in an alkali solution to form _______.

5. Application: ① Improve acidic or alkaline soil; ② Wastewater treatment; ③ Medical application; ④ Adjust the acidity and alkalinity of the solution.

3. Metathesis reaction

1. Concept: The reaction in which two compounds ___________ produce two other ___________ is called a metathesis reaction. Metathesis reactions, combination reactions, decomposition reactions, and displacement reactions are collectively called basic reaction types.

2. General formula: AB＋CD�→________＋_______.

3. Features: Double exchange, price remains unchanged.

[Note] Neutralization reaction is a metathesis reaction and is not a basic reaction type.

5. Acid rain

1. Formation: The smoke produced after the combustion of ____ and _______ contains sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which are discharged into the air and absorbed by the clouds, and undergo chemical reactions to form acid mist. When the rain falls, it becomes acidic rainwater. If its pH is less than 5.6, it is called acid rain.

2. harm

(1) Corrosion of metal.

(2) Erosion of statues and buildings.

(3) Destroy forests.

(4) Cause the death of aquatic organisms.

3. Prevention and control

(1) Reduce the burning of sulfur-containing coal.

(2) Promote the use of new energy.

(3) Purification and treatment of waste gas discharged from factories, etc.

Interactive exploration

Research point 1: Prove that the neutralization reaction does occur

[Scenario Display]1. Observation experiment: Mix sodium hydroxide solution and dilute hydrochloric acid.

[Question Exploration]There is no obvious phenomenon when sodium hydroxide solution reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. How to design an experiment to prove that a reaction between acid and alkali does occur? How do we determine whether a reaction is a neutralizing reaction?

[Inductive Improvement] Explore the neutralization reaction between acid and alkali: with the help of acid-base indicator, first add a few drops of colorless phenolphthalein solution to the sodium hydroxide solution. The solution will appear red, and then When dilute hydrochloric acid is added dropwise, the red color of the solution gradually disappears, which proves that sodium hydroxide and dilute hydrochloric acid have reacted. During the dropwise addition of dilute hydrochloric acid, stir while adding dropwise until the red color just fades away, otherwise it is easy to overdose the hydrochloric acid.

The key to determining whether a reaction is a neutralization reaction is to see whether the reactants are acids and bases, not just whether there are salts and water in the products.

[Application Example]

Example 1 2013·Luzhou chemical experiments are often accompanied by obvious experimental phenomena, but there is no obvious phenomenon in the reaction between sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid. In order to prove that a chemical reaction between sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid indeed occurred, a student conducted the following experiment:

(1) Take 2 mL of NaOH solution in a test tube, add 1 to 2 drops of phenolphthalein solution, and shake. Then, add dilute sulfuric acid drop by drop while shaking the test tube continuously. The observed phenomenon is ____________________________.

(2) The above experimental phenomena prove that with the dripping of dilute sulfuric acid, the solution becomes alkaline______. This is because_________________. This proves that the chemical reaction did occur in the above experimental process.

[ Method Tips When dilute hydrochloric acid is added dropwise, the red color of the solution gradually disappears, which proves that sodium hydroxide and dilute hydrochloric acid have reacted. During the dropwise addition of dilute hydrochloric acid, stir while adding dropwise until the red color just fades away, otherwise it is easy to overdose the hydrochloric acid.

The key to determining whether a reaction is a neutralization reaction is to see whether the reactants are acids and bases, not just whether there are salts and water in the products.

On-site testing

Knowledge point 1: Properties of acids and bases

1. Dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid have similar chemical properties. The essential reason is ()

A． Can interact with indicators

B． can dissociate acid ions

C. can dissociate hydrogen ions

D． All contain hydrogen

2. For the reactions between the following groups of substances, because the phenomenon is not obvious, it is necessary to use acid-base indicators to determine whether the reaction has occurred ()

A． Zinc and dilute hydrochloric acid

B． Caustic soda solution and dilute sulfuric acid

C. Iron oxide and dilute sulfuric acid

D． Copper sulfate solution and sodium hydroxide solution

Knowledge Point 2: Application of Neutralization Reaction

3. Neutralization reactions are widely used in daily life and industrial and agricultural production. Among the following methods, the neutralization reaction is used ()

A． Make your own soda using ingredients such as sodium bicarbonate and citric acid

B． Taking medications containing aluminum hydroxide to treat hyperacidity

C. Use hydrated lime and copper sulfate solution to prepare the pesticide Bordeaux mixture

D． Laboratory use of concentrated sulfuric acid as desiccant

4． A, B, C, and D are litmus solution, dilute sulfuric acid, sodium carbonate solution, and clarified lime water respectively. If four circles are used to represent the four solutions, the intersection of the two circles is the main experiment that occurs after the two solutions are mixed. The phenomenon is shown in Figure 8-3-2. Please answer:

(1) Ding is ________, and its usual use is __________.

(2) The chemical reaction equation of A and C is ______________; the reaction type is ______________.

[ Analysis Color, so D is the acid-base indicator litmus solution, B is dilute sulfuric acid, because sulfuric acid reacts with sodium carbonate to produce sodium sulfate, water and carbon dioxide, so A is a sodium carbonate solution, and C is a calcium hydroxide solution. Litmus solution is an acid-base indicator. It shows different colors when encountering acids and bases, and can be used to judge the acidity and alkalinity of the solution.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Common Acids and Bases Reactions of Hydrochloric Acid and Alkali", please click on the Common Acids and Bases ppt Reactions of Acids and Bases ppt tag.

"Reaction of Acid and Base" Common Acids, Bases and Salts PPT Courseware 3:

"Reactions of Acids and Bases" Common Acids, Bases, and Salts PPT Courseware 3 Knowledge Review Knowledge Point 1 Neutralization Reaction Experiment Activity 1: Neutralization Reaction of Acids and Bases Experimental Phenomenon of the Reaction of Sodium Hydroxide and Dilute Hydrochloric Acid: In Hydrogen Oxidation After adding phenolphthalein dropwise to the sodium solution, the solution showed ______,...

"Reaction of Acid and Base" Common Acids, Bases and Salts PPT Courseware 2:

"Reaction of Acid and Base" Common Acids, Bases and Salts PPT Courseware 2 Learning Objectives 1. Master the definition of neutralization reaction and understand the nature of neutralization reaction between acids and bases; 2. Master the concept of metathesis reaction and be able to judge a Whether the reaction is a metathesis reaction; 3. Understand neutralization..

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Update Time: 2024-10-19

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Cantonese Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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