"Revolution of 1911 and the Establishment of the Republic of China" Revolution of 1911 and National Awakening PPT Courseware

Description

"Revolution of 1911 and the Establishment of the Republic of China" Revolution of 1911 and National Awakening PPT Courseware

Situation introduction: Many students have watched ancient palace dramas, most of which have an emperor who dominates the world. So, when did the emperor who dominated the world withdraw from the stage of Chinese history? Do you know Sun Yat-sen? What kind of revolution did he lead the Chinese people to carry out? What is the great significance of this revolution?

learning target

1. Understand Sun Yat-sen’s journey on the road to revolution and his early revolutionary activities.

2. Understand the process and role of the establishment of the China Alliance.

3. Analyze and understand the content and meaning of the Three People's Principles.

1. Revolutionary Forerunner Sun Yat-sen

1. Introduction to Sun Yat-sen

Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), famous writer, courtesy name Yixian. He studied at the Hong Kong Medical College in his early years, but later gave up medicine and engaged in political struggle. He once changed his name to Zhongshan Qiao, and later became famous as "Zhongshan". In 1894, he wrote to Li Hongzhang asking for political reform, but received no response. The corruption and incompetence of the imperial court during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1899 completely dispelled his last illusions about the Qing government, and he embarked on the path of bourgeois democratic revolution.

Throughout his life, he fought against the Qing Dynasty and defended the democratic republic. He was the forerunner of China's modern democratic revolution and an outstanding representative of the bourgeois revolutionaries.

2. The establishment of revolutionary groups - the establishment of the Xingzhonghui

Time: Autumn 1894

Location: Honolulu

Nature: China’s first bourgeois revolutionary group

Goal of struggle: overthrow the Qingzhen government and establish a bourgeois republic

3. Launch the Guangzhou Uprising

Time: 1895

Location: Guangzhou

Characters: Sun Yat-sen, Lu Haodong and other party members

Result: News of the uprising was leaked and the uprising failed.

After the failure of the Guangzhou Uprising, Sun Yat-sen went into exile overseas. He studied social reality in Japan, the United States, Britain and other countries, developed revolutionary organizations, and prepared for the continuation of the revolution.

Drills in class

1. The place where the Chinese Tongmenghui was established is ( )

A. Honolulu B. Changsha

C. Shanghai D. Tokyo

2. The core of Sun Yat-sen’s bourgeois democratic revolutionary thought is ( )

A. Nationalism B. Civil rights

C. People's Livelihood Principle D. People's Livelihood Principle

2. Wuchang Uprising

1. Time October 10, 1911

2. The main force is the revolutionary Hubei New Army

3. pass by

The uprising broke out - captured the armory - attacked the governor's office - the three towns of Wuhan were recovered - the Hubei military government was established - by late November, more than half of the country's provinces had declared independence.

The concept of the Revolution of 1911

Narrow sense: The Wuchang Uprising that occurred in the year of Xinhai (1911) in the old calendar

Broadly speaking: refers to the sum of a series of revolutionary activities by the bourgeois revolutionaries represented by Sun Yat-sen from the 1890s to 1912 to overthrow the Qing government and establish a republican system

3. The establishment of the Republic of China

1.The establishment of the Republic of China

Time: January 1, 1912

Capital: Nanjing

Interim President: Sun Yat-sen

National flag: five-color flag

Switch to the Gregorian calendar and use the Republic of China era,

1912 was the first year of the Republic of China.

Elect Li Yuanhong as vice president and elect senators.

2. Promulgate the "Provisional Laws of the Republic of China"

On March 11, 1912, Sun Yat-sen promulgated the "Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China" formulated by the Senate as the provisional president.

The main contents of the "Provisional Agreement"

Sovereignty lies with the people

The sovereignty of the Republic of China belongs to all citizens;

equal freedom

All citizens are equal regardless of race, class, or religious belief;

Citizens have freedoms and rights of person, residence, speech, press, assembly, association, religious belief, petition, examination, election, participation in politics, etc.;

separation of powers

The Senate exercises legislative power, the state minister assists the interim president in exercising executive power and assumes its responsibilities, and the judiciary is independent.

The significance of the promulgation of the "Provisional Law"

The first important document of the nature of the constitution of the bourgeois republic in Chinese history, it affirmed the bourgeois democratic republic system and the principle of democracy and freedom, and was an important achievement of the Revolution of 1911.

3. Yuan Shikai stole the achievements of the revolution

(1) The Qing emperor abdicated the throne

Sun Yat-sen was forced to compromise with Yuan Shikai, saying that if the Qing emperor abdicated and Yuan Shikai supported the republic, he could be recommended as the interim president.

On February 12, 1912, the Qing emperor issued an edict to abdicate, ending the Qing dynasty that had ruled China for more than 260 years.

(2) Yuan Shikai succeeded as interim president

In order to limit Yuan Shikai's power, what conditions did Sun Yat-sen put forward?

①The provisional government is located in Nanjing;

②The new president should go to Nanjing to take office;

4. The nature and historical significance of the Revolution of 1911

Nature: An anti-imperialist and anti-feudal bourgeois democratic revolution.

historical meaning

It overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, ended the autocratic monarchy system for more than 2,000 years, spread the concept of democracy and republic, and promoted social change in modern China with great shock and profound influence.

1. Which of the following statements about the Revolution of 1911 is incorrect ( )

A. 1911 is the year of Xinhai in the lunar calendar, so this revolution is called the Xinhai Revolution

B. Overthrew the corrupt rule of the Qing Dynasty

C. Announced the end of China’s two thousand years of feudal system

D. Started the modern national democratic revolution in a complete sense

2. What is the correct and comprehensive understanding of the "Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China" ( )

① It is the first constitutional document of the bourgeois republic in Chinese history.

②Reflects the principle of separation of powers

③The revolutionaries want to limit Yuan Shikai’s dictatorship

④ It has progressive significance in opposing the feudal autocratic system

A.①② B.①②③

C.①②④ D.①②③④

3. Read the following materials

Xiamen in Fujian and Kinmen in Taiwan face each other across the sea, and their closest distance is less than 4,000 meters. When people play on the beach in the southeast of Xiamen Island, they will find an interesting phenomenon; on both sides of the strait, there is a huge placard. ,Unified China."

Please answer

(1) What is the specific content of the "Three People's Principles"?

Democracy, nation, people's livelihood

(2) What is the role of the "Three People's Principles"?

It was the guiding ideology of Sun Yat-sen in leading the Revolution of 1911

(3) Who expounded the "Three People's Principles" in Minbao? What was his greatest contribution to history?

Sun Yat-sen

Founded the Republic of China and overthrew the feudal monarchy for more than two thousand years.

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Update Time: 2024-09-09

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