"Revolution of 1911" Exploration of Modernization PPT Courseware 6

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"Revolution of 1911" Exploration of Modernization PPT Courseware 6

Sun Yat-sen founded the Revive China Society

Time: 1894

Location: Honolulu

Purpose: Expelling the Tartars, restoring China, and establishing a federal government

Nature: China’s first bourgeois revolutionary group

Historical conditions for the founding of the China Alliance

Sun Yat-sen's early revolutionary activities

The establishment of the Xingzhonghui

The successive establishment of revolutionary groups

Democratic revolutionary ideas spread widely

Violent overthrow of the Qing government

establish a democratic republic

The national bourgeoisie continues to grow and develop

The establishment of the Tongmenghui

Time: August 1905

Location: Tokyo

Organizers: Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren

Program: Expelling the Tartars, restoring China, establishing the Republic of China, and equalizing land rights

Nature: The first national unified bourgeois revolutionary party

Role: Greatly promoted the national bourgeois democratic movement

Prime Minister: Sun Yat-sen Executive Affairs Department: Huang Xing

Yuan Shikai usurped the fruits of the revolution

(1) Reasons

1. Imperialist support.

2. The revolutionaries’ compromise and unclear understanding of Yuan Shikai.

3. The old bureaucracy and the constitutionalists put pressure on the revolutionary party.

(2) Results:

1. The Qing Emperor abdicated and Sun Yat-sen resigned (1912.2.12-13)

2. Yuan Shikai took office as the interim president of the Republic of China in Beijing (1912.3)

The historical significance and lessons of the Revolution of 1911

1. The Revolution of 1911 was a great anti-imperialist and anti-feudal bourgeois democratic revolution in Chinese history, and it was also the first bourgeois democratic revolution in the true sense.

The bourgeois revolutionaries represented by Sun Yat-sen organized the bourgeois revolutionary party China League before the revolution, put forward a relatively complete bourgeois democratic revolutionary program, and launched and led this revolution based on a long-term revolutionary struggle. The bourgeois democratic revolution in a more complete sense began with the Revolution of 1911.

2. The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the reactionary rule of the Qing Dynasty and ended the autocratic monarchy system for more than two thousand years. This is its main historical achievement. The people's minds can be liberated, the democratic republican system can be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the democratic trend of thought has become an irresistible historical trend.

3. A heavy blow to imperialism. It has had a significant impact on Asia and even the world.

4. Create certain conditions for the development of national capitalism.

Lessons learned:

1. Without a thorough anti-imperialist program, let alone thorough revolutionary practice, it is a completely unrealistic fantasy for them to achieve national independence and national liberation without directly opposing imperialism.

2. They dare not mobilize and rely on the vast number of farmers to completely destroy the feudal forces and implement the reform of the land system;

3. As a revolutionary party, the Tongmenghui also has serious organizational problems. There is neither strict organization nor unified discipline. From the beginning there was serious sectarian activity and organizational fragmentation.

Thought questions:

An overview of the social practice activities and impacts of various political forces in Chinese society from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century in the face of severe national crises.

Landlord class: In order to strengthen the army and enrich the country and maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty, the Westernization Movement was launched. Objectively, it promoted the emergence and development of China's national capitalism and opened the way for China's modernization.

The peasant class: directed the struggle against imperialism, launched the Boxer Rebellion anti-imperialist patriotic movement, dealt a heavy blow to imperialism, and shattered the arrogant plan to carve up China.

The bourgeois reformists: launched the reform movement and implemented the Reform Movement of 1898, which played a role in ideological enlightenment in society, was conducive to the spread of bourgeois ideas, and was conducive to the development of capitalism.

Bourgeois revolutionaries: led the bourgeois democratic revolution, widely spread bourgeois revolutionary ideas, established a bourgeois political party, formulated the revolutionary program of the Three People's Principles, launched a series of armed uprisings, and shook the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

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Update Time: 2024-11-27

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