"Prosperous Qin and Han Culture (2)" PPT courseware on the establishment of a unified country

"Prosperous Qin and Han Culture (2)" PPT courseware on the establishment of a unified country

1. The introduction of Buddhism

1. Place of origin: ancient India.

2. Time of introduction: late Western Han Dynasty. (In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han Dynasty sent envoys to Tianzhu to seek Buddhist teachings, which promoted the spread of Buddhism in my country.) White Horse Temple is the first Buddhist temple in my country.

3. Basic teachings: reincarnation of life and death, karma and retribution.

4. Influence: It injected new factors into Chinese culture and had a broad and far-reaching impact on later generations.

For example: Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou is related to Buddhism.

Do you know the teachings of Buddhism?

Real life is "suffering". Suffering is caused by people's own greed, etc. Greed, etc. lead to good and evil actions, which in turn produce the consequences of reincarnation. If a person can endure pain in this life and believe in Buddhism sincerely, he will be happy in the next life.

This kind of teaching requires people to give up the struggle against real oppression and is the opium that anesthetizes the people.

Why can Buddhism spread widely in our country? Which ideas are related to Buddhism propaganda?

① Basic teachings of Buddhism.

②Conform to the political needs of the ruler.

What is the influence of Buddhism in China?

1. Buddhist buildings, such as Shaolin Temple, Longmen Grottoes, and Mogao Grottoes.

2. Buddhist figures, such as Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva and Tathagata Buddha.

3. Buddhist language, such as: troubles, mantras, inconceivability, freedom, everything goes to the Three Jewels Hall, good will be rewarded with good, evil will be punished with evil, etc.

Literature: Buddhism has brought new artistic conceptions, styles, words, etc. to Chinese literature. It inspired an upsurge in the creation of Chinese gods and demons novels, among which "Journey to the West" is one of the outstanding ones.

Art: With the spread of Buddhism, pagodas, statues, temples, and buildings with Buddhist artistic characteristics emerged. Grotto art, sculpture art, painting art, music, and dance art were all influenced by Buddhism to varying degrees.

The rise and spread of Buddhism had a multifaceted impact on the development of ancient Chinese society and culture. Please think about its impact on literature and art.

2. The rise of Taoism

1. Place of origin: ancient China.

2. Formation period: late Eastern Han Dynasty.

3. Source of thought: magical alchemy and Taoist thought.

4. Basic teachings: Happy life, rebirth; immortality, enlightenment and immortality.

5. Characteristics: It reflects the characteristics of traditional Chinese culture that pays attention to reality and recreates the world.

6. Influence: It has had a profound impact on the development of Chinese culture. For example: the fictional world of immortals from Taoism that appeared in ancient folklore (the Jade Emperor, Taishang Laojun, the Eight Immortals, etc.), Laojun Rock in Qingyuan Mountain, Quanzhou

Do you know the teachings of Taoism?

Taoism believes that although birth, aging, illness, and death are irresistible laws in the universe, through self-cultivation, one can achieve immortality and attain Taoism and become an immortal. Spiritual practice is an important method. Taking elixirs is another important method. The elixirs are divided into outer elixirs and inner elixirs. The outer elixirs are made by smelting ores and medicines in a furnace. They can be persuaded to make people immortal. Inner elixir is Qigong.

Qingcheng Mountain is a famous Taoist mountain in China and one of the birthplaces of Taoism. It is said that the Taoist Celestial Master Zhang Daoling appeared in Qingcheng Mountain in his later years and became immortal here. Since then, Qingcheng Mountain has become the ancestral mountain of Tianshi Dao. Tianshi masters from all over the country have come to Qingcheng Mountain to worship their ancestors.

The difference between Taoism and Buddhism

Attitude towards life: Buddhism: believes that life is painful

Taoism: believes that life is happy

Doctrine characteristics: Buddhism focuses on the afterlife

Taoism focuses on reality and reincarnation of the world

"Historical Records"

①Author: Sima Qian (lived during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) was a great historian in ancient my country.

② Describes the historical events from the Yellow Emperor to the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It is the first biographical general history of our country.

③Become a model for biographical history books in the later century

④Another excellent literary work

How did Sima Qian write the historical masterpiece "Historical Records"? What inspired you?

First of all, Sima Qian had lofty ambitions and determined to "study the relationship between heaven and man, understand the changes in ancient and modern times, and become a family."

Secondly, he made a lot of arduous efforts to realize his ambition. He not only read a lot of books, but also traveled across the north and south of the motherland to conduct on-site inspections, interviews, and collect a large amount of information. Even after suffering the "corruption", he still endured the humiliation and wrote books with great determination. Enlightenment: Like Sima Qian, we must also set up lofty ideals and work hard to realize our ideals. We cannot shrink back when there are small setbacks. As long as we persist in doing it, we will achieve success.

How does "Historical Records" evaluate historical figures?

Seek truth from facts. For example: affirming the uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, criticizing tyrants and cruel officials, boldly commenting on the merits and demerits of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, etc.

(In the era of autocratic monarchy, "accompanying the emperor is like accompanying a tiger." Sima Qian dared to point out the faults of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which reflected his noble character of loyalty to history. He said: "Everyone is destined to die, and it may be more serious than Mount Tai, or less serious than Mount Tai." "Feather." He chose "heavier than Mount Tai". Therefore, he pursued truth and pragmatism, was not afraid of power, and regarded death as home, setting a glorious example for future generations.)

Why do the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses all face east?

The Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are the underground military formations in Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum, symbolizing the Qin Dynasty's mighty military power and strong national power under the rule of Qin Shi Huang. The six kingdoms destroyed by Qin were all in the east of Qin State. The terracotta warriors and horses face the east, which symbolizes the great achievements of King Qin Yingzheng in destroying the six kingdoms and unifying the world. It also symbolizes that Qin Shihuang is ready to suppress the six kingdoms at any time in order to consolidate the unity and ensure the eternal rule of the Qin Dynasty. The remnant rebels.

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