"Philosophers on Harmony" PPT courseware

"Philosophers on Harmony" PPT courseware

Part One: Learning Objectives

1. Check the information, understand the relevant literary knowledge, use reference books to clarify the meaning of the text, and memorize the text.

2. Understand the connotation of "harmony" in the article and appreciate the similarities and differences in the discussion of "harmony" by various scholars.

3. Understand the cultural connotation of "harmony" and think about the role of "harmony" in today's society.

Question interpretation

This lesson is an excerpt from the discussions on "harmony" among the pre-Qin scholars. "Zhuzi" refers to scholars of various schools or their works. The title succinctly summarizes the main content of this article.

Theory of Philosophers and PPT, Part 2: Relevant Knowledge

Laozi, a thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period and the founder of Taoism. "Laozi", also known as "Tao Te Ching", is the main classic of Taoism. It is generally believed that the book "Laozi" basically reflects Laozi's thoughts. "Laozi" uses "Tao" to explain the evolution of all things in the universe, which has rich ideas of simple dialectics.

Xunzi (about 313 BC - 238 BC), famous as Kuang, was a thinker and educator in the late Warring States Period. Xunzi criticized and summarized the academic thoughts of pre-Qin scholars and developed ancient materialism. It opposes the superstitious theory of destiny and ghosts and gods, and affirms that "the behavior of heaven is constant, and it is not preserved by Yao or destroyed by Jie", that is, the laws of natural operation are objective existences independent of people's will, and proposes to "control the destiny and use it" The idea that man can conquer heaven. He is the author of "Xunzi".

Guanzi, also known as Guan Zhong, also known as Yiwu, was a famous politician in the Spring and Autumn Period of Qi. "Guanzi" originally had 86 chapters, and 76 of them exist today. The content is complex, including thoughts from Taoism, Ming Dynasty, and Dharma, as well as knowledge of astronomy, calendar, economics, and agriculture.

Theory of Confucius and PPT, the third part: knowledge sorting

1. A word with multiple meanings

Of

The harmony of heaven and earth (particle, of)

If animals are governed by the Way, the people will be harmonious (pronoun, referring to the people)

2. Different meanings in ancient and modern times

livestock

Ancient meaning: to nurture. Example: If animals are kept in good order, the people will be harmonious.

Today's meaning: livestock raising.

3.Special sentence patterns

(1) Judgment sentence

Music is the harmony of heaven and earth; ritual is the order of heaven and earth.

("..." means judgment)

(2) Adverbial postposition sentence

If animals are kept in good order, the people will be harmonious; if they are raised with virtue, the people will be harmonious.

(It should be "If animals are cultivated with morality, the people will be harmonious; if they are nurtured with virtue, the people will be harmonious.")

Theory of Philosophers and PPT, Part 4: Getting into the Text

Tao gives birth to one, gives birth to two, two gives birth to three, and three gives birth to all things. All things bear yin and embrace yang, and the energy is in harmony. ("Laozi")

Dao: This refers to the origin of the universe. The so-called "Tao generates one, generates two, two generates three, and three generates all things" means that the origin of the universe evolves into all things, from less to more.

Translation: The original whole of the universe is unique. Once the heaven and the earth were created, the heaven and the earth produced yin, yang, and the three qi, and the yin, yang, and the three qi evolved into all things. Everything contains two qi, yin and yang, with yin on the back and yang on the front. The two qi of yin and yang stir up each other to form a balanced and harmonious state.

The stars are spinning, the sun and the moon are shining, the four eras are in control, the yin and yang are changing, the wind and rain are spreading, all things are harmonious and prosperous, and each is nourished and nourished. ("Xunzi")

Stars: stars, stars arranged in the sky.

Daiyu: alternately in a dominant position.

Translation: The stars rotate with each other, the sun and the moon alternately shine, the four seasons alternately dominate, the cold and warmth of the climate change greatly, wind and rain spread to the world, all things are harmonious and grow, and all are nourished and matured.

Theory of Philosophers and PPT, Part 5: Problem Exploration

"Harmony without difference" is an important part of Confucius' ideological system. Please discuss the difference between "harmony" and "tong" based on your own understanding.

"Harmony" is the harmony and unity of different things, complementing each other without losing oneself, and a powerful guarantee for the diversity and diversification of things. "Sameness" means the simple identity of things, with no complementary differences.

Writing features

Thoughtful and philosophical.

The language of this article is concise but profound, expressing the different understandings of "harmony" among pre-Qin scholars. These understandings are simple and philosophical. They are an important part of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation. They still have practical significance today and are worthy of our deep thought.

Theory of Philosophers and PPT, Part Six: Class Summary

This article excerpts the language fragments of the philosophers' discussion of "harmony", expounds the connotation of "harmony" from different aspects, and reflects the different understandings of "harmony" by the pre-Qin scholars and their common pursuit of "harmony".

Theory of Confucians and PPT, Part 7: Classroom Practice

1. Explain the underlined words in the following sentences.

(1) Dao Sheng Yi

(2) Four Ages Royal

(3) Keeping animals in harmony will bring harmony to the people

(4) The way of the ancestors is beautiful

2. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese.

(1) All things bear yin and embrace yang, and inject qi into harmony.

(2) The stars rotate, the sun and the moon shine, and the four eras are governed.

(3) Ritual is the order of heaven and earth.

(4) Gentlemen are harmonious but different; villains are harmonious but not harmonious.

3. Comprehensible dictation.

The sentence in "Mencius" that points out the three elements and their relationships that determine the outcome of a war is: ______________.

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"Philosophers on Harmony" PPT:

"The Theory of Harmony" PPT Part One Content: Target Navigation 1. Understand the authors and influences of ancient classics, understand the main idea of ​​the text based on the annotations, and accumulate content words and function words in classical Chinese. 2. Understand the different meanings of and, and appreciate the philosophies and views of the ancients. 3. Combined with social reality..