"Periodic Law of Elements" Periodic Law of Elements in Material Structure PPT (Periodic changes in the properties of elements in Lesson 1)

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"Periodic Law of Elements" Periodic Law of Elements in Material Structure PPT (Periodic changes in the properties of elements in Lesson 1)

Part One: Learning Objectives

Curriculum Standards

1. Combine relevant data and experimental facts to understand the periodic changes in atomic structure and element properties, and construct the periodic law of elements.

2. Take the third period as an example to understand the law of gradual changes in the properties of elements in the same period.

core competencies

1. Macroscopic identification and microscopic analysis: Able to explain the properties and laws of elements from the perspective of atomic structure.

2. Awareness of scientific inquiry and innovation: Ability to explore the properties and change patterns of matter through experiments, raise meaningful experimental inquiry questions, and make predictions and hypotheses based on existing experience and data.

Periodic Law of Elements PPT, Part 2: Knowledge Point 1 Periodic Law of Elements

1. Periodic changes in the electron configuration outside the nucleus

Taking elements with atomic numbers from 1 to 18 as an example, explore the changes in the number of electrons in the outermost shell of the atom. The diagram is as follows:

Rule: As the atomic number increases, the outermost electron arrangement of the element atoms changes periodically (except for the first period).

2. Periodic changes in atomic radius

Rule: As the atomic number increases, the atomic radius of an element changes periodically in a __________ manner (no noble gas elements are considered).

3. Periodic changes in the main valence of elements

Taking elements with atomic numbers from 1 to 18 as an example, explore the changes in the main valence of the elements. The diagram is as follows:

Rule: As the atomic number increases, the main valence of elements changes __________, that is, the highest positive valence: from _____ to _____ (O has no highest positive valence, F has no positive valence); the lowest negative valence: from _ ____arrive_____.

use as you learn

1. For the second period elements from left to right (except rare gas elements), which of the following statements is incorrect ()

A． Atomic radius gradually decreases

B． The number of electrons in the outermost shell gradually increases

C. The highest positive valence gradually increases

D. The non-metallic nature of elements gradually increases

2. Which of the following particle radius sizes is more correct ()

A． r(Na＋)

B． r(S2－)>r(Cl－)>r(Na+)>r(Al3+)

C. r(Na)

D. r(Cs)

3. It is known that the ions aA2+, bB+, cC2- and dD- of short-period elements all have the same electronic shell structure, then the following statement is correct ()

A． Atomic radius: A>B>D>C

B． Number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom: A>B>D>C

C. Atomic number: d>c>b>a

D. Ionic radius: C2->D->B+>A2+

Periodic law of elements PPT, the third part content: Knowledge point 2 The changing rules of metallicity and non-metallicity of elements in the third period

1. The metallicity of sodium, magnesium and aluminum

(1) Experimental investigation: reaction between sodium, magnesium and water

(2) Experimental investigation: the reaction of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide respectively

2. The non-metallic properties of Si, P, S and Cl

3. Periodic law of elements

(1) The relationship between element properties and atomic structure

In the same cycle, the number of electron shells outside the nucleus of each element is the same, but from left to right, the number of nuclear charges increases, the atomic radius gradually decreases, the ability to lose electrons gradually weakens, and the ability to gain electrons gradually increases. Therefore, metallicity gradually _____, and non-metallicity gradually _____.

(2) Periodic law of elements

①Meaning: The properties of elements change periodically as the atomic number increases.

②The properties of elements include __________, _______________, _______________, etc.

③Essence: The periodic changes in the properties of elements are the inevitable result of the periodic changes in __________________.

use as you learn

1. Among the following statements about the periodic law of elements, which one is correct ()

A． Oxidizing strength: F2＜Cl2

B． Metallicity strength: K＜Na

C. Acidity: H3PO4＜H2SO4

D. Alkaline strength: NaOH＜Mg(OH)2

2. Which of the following statements about the periodic law of elements is incorrect ()

A． The number of electrons in the outermost shells of Na, Mg, and Al increases in sequence, and the oxidizing properties of their mononuclear ions increase in sequence.

B． The highest positive valencies of P, S, and Cl increase in sequence, corresponding to the stability of simple gaseous hydrides increasing in sequence.

C. The atomic radius of elements of the same period is largest in Group VIIA

D. The alkalinity of the hydroxides of Na, Mg, and Al gradually weakens

3. Which of the following statements is correct ()

A． The metallicity of group IA elements is stronger than that of group IIA elements.

B． Among the simple hydrides of group VIA elements, water is the most stable.

C. The acidity of the hydrates corresponding to non-metal oxides of the same period increases from left to right.

D. The ionic radii of elements in the third period gradually decrease from left to right

Periodic Law of Elements PPT, Part 4: Qualification Examination Training

1. The figure below shows the changes in the atomic structure or properties of elements 1 to 18 as the nuclear charge increases. The ordinate in this figure represents ()

A． Number of electron layersB. Number of electrons in the outermost shell

C. The highest valence D. Atomic radius

2. The radii of the following atoms are known:

Atom N S O Si

Radius r/(10-10m) 0.75 1.02 0.74 1.17

According to the above data, the radius of the phosphorus atom may be ()

A． 1.10×10-10m B． 0.80×10-10m

C. 1.20×10－10m D. 0.70×10－10m

3. (2019•Zhenjiang Grade 1 Test) Based on the periodic table of elements and the periodic law of elements, the following inference is correct ()

A． H3BO3 is more acidic than H2CO3

B． Mg(OH)2 is more basic than Be(OH)2

C. The thermal stability of HCl, HBr, and HI is enhanced in sequence

D. If the outer nuclear electron shell structures of M+ and R2- are the same, then the atomic number: R>M

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Update Time: 2024-11-02

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