"Periodic Law of Elements" Periodic Law of Elements in Material Structure PPT (Application of the Periodic Table of Elements and Periodic Law of Elements in Lesson 2)

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"Periodic Law of Elements" Periodic Law of Elements in Material Structure PPT (Application of the Periodic Table of Elements and Periodic Law of Elements in Lesson 2)

Part One: Learning Objectives

Curriculum Standards

1. Be able to use the position and atomic structure of elements in the periodic table to analyze, predict, and compare the properties of elements and their compounds.

2. Understand the important role of the periodic law (table) of elements in learning the knowledge of element compounds and scientific research.

core competencies

1. Evidence reasoning: Be able to combine relevant information to explain the guiding role of the periodic law (table) of elements in synthesizing new substances and manufacturing new materials.

2. Social Responsibility: Deeply understand the significant contribution of chemistry to creating more material and spiritual wealth and meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life.

Periodic Law of Elements PPT, Part 2 Content: Knowledge Point 1 Partitions of the Periodic Table of Elements and Element Valence Laws

1. Gradient changes in metallic and non-metallic properties of elements

(1) Please fill in the contents shown in the serial numbers in the picture: ①______; ②______; ③______; ④________; ⑤______; ⑥______; ⑦______; ⑧______.

(2) In addition to transition elements in the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth periods, there are _______________ metallic elements and _______________ non-metal elements (including rare gas elements).

(3) The properties of elements near the dividing line: it expresses both the properties of ______ elements and the properties of ________ elements.

2. The relationship between the valence of an element and its position in the periodic table

(1) Valence electrons: electrons that are closely related to the valence of elements.

① Valence electrons of main group elements: ____________ of atoms;

② Valence electrons of transition elements: ____________ of atoms and some electrons in the second outer layer or the third to last layer.

(2) Valency rules (except oxygen and fluorine)

①Main group elements: highest positive valence =________=____________________;

②Non-metallic elements: The highest positive valence = the number of outermost electrons that an atom can lose or shift; ____________________________________.

use as you learn

1. Which of the following statements about the periodic law of elements and the periodic table is correct ()

A． From top to bottom in the same main group, the metallicity of elements gradually weakens

B． The periodic table of elements is a specific expression of the periodic law of elements.

C. From left to right in the same period, the atomic radius of the elements gradually increases

D. The highest positive valence of a non-metal element is equal to the absolute value of its negative valence

2. The algebraic sum of the highest positive valence and the lowest negative valence of a certain short-period main group element R is 4. Which of the following statements is incorrect ()

A． R is a group IVA element

B． The chemical formula of the gaseous hydride of R is H2R

C. R can form two oxides RO2 and RO3

D. The aqueous solution of the gaseous hydride of R is acidic

3. As shown in the picture, it is part of the periodic table of elements. Which of the following statements is correct ()

A． The simple ionic radius of an element: ④＞⑤＞②

B． Stability of gaseous hydride: ⑤＞②

C. The highest valence oxide corresponds to the acidity of the hydrate: ⑥＞⑤

D. The highest positive valence of the element: ③＝⑥

Periodic Law of Elements PPT, Part 3: Knowledge Point 2 Application of Periodic Table of Elements and Periodic Law of Elements

1. Guiding role in chemical research

(1) Infer the atomic structure and properties of elements based on their position in the periodic table, and study the changing patterns of element properties.

(2) Infer its position and properties in the periodic table of elements based on its atomic structure.

(3) Based on the periodic law of elements and the periodic table, conduct systematic research on the properties of elements to provide clues for the discovery of new elements and the prediction of their atomic structures and properties.

2. Guiding role in social production

(1) Look for __________ materials at the boundary between metals and non-metals in the periodic table, such as silicon, germanium, gallium, etc.

(2) Research elements that are close to __________________, arsenic, etc. in the periodic table to create new types of pesticides.

(3) Look for elements in ______________ to make catalysts and high-temperature and corrosion-resistant alloys.

Troubleshooting

The relationship between the "position, structure and nature" of elements

(1) The relationship between atomic structure and the position of elements in the periodic table

The number of electron layers in the structure = the number of electrons in the outermost layer of the periodic number = the position of the main group number

(2) The relationship between atomic structure and element properties

The smaller the number of electrons in the outermost layer of the structure, the more electrons there are, the easier it is to lose electrons, and the stronger the reducing properties of the element. The more electrons there are in the outermost layer, the smaller the number of electrons, the easier it is to gain electrons, and the stronger the oxidizing properties of the element.

(3) Relationship between location, structure and properties

use as you learn

1. Which of the following statements is wrong ()

A． Most of the elements used as semiconductor materials are located near the dividing line between metallic elements and non-metallic elements in the periodic table

B． The elements commonly contained in pesticides are usually in the upper right area of ​​the periodic table

C. The elements that make up a catalyst are usually in the upper right area of ​​the periodic table

D. Look for elements in the periodic table of transition elements that make alloy materials that are resistant to high temperatures and corrosion.

2. Radium is an element of Group IIA in the seventh period of the periodic table. Which of the following descriptions of the properties of radium is incorrect ()

A． Shows +2 valence in the compound

B． Elemental substances can react with water to release hydrogen gas

C. Radium is less metallic than calcium

D. Radium carbonate is poorly soluble in water

3. Which of the following statements about atomic structure and periodic law of elements is correct ()

①The atomic radius of the element with atomic number 15 is smaller than the N atomic radius

② Group VIIA elements are the most non-metallic elements in the same period

③The stability of the hydrides of group IVA elements in the second period is greater than that of NH3

④The highest valence oxide of the element with atomic number 12 corresponds to a hydrate that is more basic than Al(OH)3

A． ①②B. ①③

C. ②④ D. ③④

Periodic Law of Elements PPT, Part 4: Qualification Examination Training

1. According to the position of the element in the periodic table, it is judged that the following elements can be used as semiconductor materials ()

A． Si, K B. C、Si

C. Si,Ge D. As,Se

2. Tellurium (Te) is an element in the same main group as O and S and is located in the fifth cycle. Based on this, the incorrect conclusion about the relevant properties of tellurium is ()

A． Tellurium is solid at room temperature

B． Common valences of tellurium are -2, +4, +6

C. Tellurium can be used as a semiconductor material

D. Tellurium hydride H2Te is very stable

3. The mass number of the R atom of a certain main group element is 79. It is known that the mononuclear ion of R contains 45 neutrons and 36 electrons. Which of the following statements about R is wrong ()

A． R is located in Group VIA of the fourth cycle

B． The chemical formula of the hydrate corresponding to the highest valence oxide of R is H3RO4

C. The chemical formula of the gaseous hydride of R is H2R

D. The anion of R is strongly reducing

4. X, Y, Z, and W are all short-period elements, and their relative positions in the periodic table are as shown in the figure. If the number of electrons in the outermost shell of Y atom is 3 times the number of electrons in the inner shell, which of the following statements is correct ()

A． Atomic radius: W>Z>Y>X

B． The acidity W of the hydrate corresponding to the highest valence oxide is weaker than Z

C. Y's gaseous hydride is less stable than Z's

D. Among the four elements, Z has the highest melting and boiling points

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Update Time: 2024-11-02

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